#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
decode-status.py - decode status for Tasmota
Copyright (C) 2021 Theo Arends
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see .
Requirements:
- Python
- pip json requests
Instructions:
Execute command with option -d to retrieve status report from device or
get a copy of the status message with http command http://sonoff/cm?cmnd=status%200
and store it in file status.json
Usage:
./decode-status.py -d [-u username] [-p password]
or
./decode-status.py -f
Example:
./decode-status.py -d sonoff1
./decode-status.py -d sonoff1 -p 12345678
or
./decode-status.py -f status.json
"""
import io
import os.path
import json
import requests
import urllib
from sys import exit
from optparse import OptionParser
a_on_off = ["OFF","ON "]
a_setoption = [[
"(Settings) Save power state (1) and use after restart",
"(Button) Control button single press (1) or multipress (0)",
"(MQTT) Add global temperature/humidity/pressure info to JSON sensor message",
"(MQTT) Enable (1)",
"(MQTT) Switch between RESULT (0) or COMMAND (1)",
"(MQTT) Retain on Power",
"(MQTT) Retain on Button",
"(MQTT) Retain on Switch",
"(Temperature) Switch between Celsius (0) or Fahrenheit (1)",
"(MQTT) Retain on Sensor",
"(MQTT) Control LWT message format, Offline (1) or none (0)",
"(Button) Swap (1) button single and double press functionality",
"(Settings) Switch between dynamic (0) or fixed (1) slot flash save location",
"(Button) Support only single press (1) to speed up button press recognition",
"(Interlock) Power interlock mode",
"(Light) Switch between commands PWM (0) or COLOR/DIMMER/CT/CHANNEL (1)",
"(WS2812) Switch between clockwise (0) or counter-clockwise (1)",
"(Light) Switch between decimal (1) or hexadecimal (0) output",
"(Light) Pair light signal (1) with CO2 sensor",
"(HAss) Control automatic discovery (1) (See SetOption59)",
"(Light) Control power in relation to Dimmer/Color/Ct changes (1)",
"(Energy) Show voltage even if powered off (1)",
"(MQTT) Serial",
"(MQTT) Serial binary",
"(Pressure) switch between hPa (0)or mmHg (1) unit",
"(KNX) Enabled",
"(MQTT, HAss) Switch between POWER (0) or POWER1 (1)",
"(KNX) Enhancement",
"(RF) Receive data format hexadecimal (0) or decimal (1)",
"(IR) Receive data format hexadecimal (0) or decimal (1)",
"(HAss) enforce autodiscovery as light (1)",
"(Wifi, MQTT) Control link led blinking (1)"
],[
"(Button/Switch) Key hold time detection in decaseconds (default 40)",
"(Energy) Maximum number of retries before deciding power limit overflow (default 5)",
"(Backlog) Minimal delay in milliseconds between executing backlog commands (default 200)",
"(not used) mDNS delayed start (Sec)",
"(Restart) Number of restarts to start detecting boot loop (default 1)",
"(Light) RGB and White channel separation (default 0)",
"(IR) Set the smallest sized UNKNOWN message packets we actually care about (default 6, max 255)",
"(CSE7766) Number of invalid power measurements before declaring it invalid allowing low load measurements (default 128)",
"(Button/Shutter) Ignore button change in seconds (default 0)",
"(Wifi) Interval in seconds between gratuitous ARP requests (default 60)",
"(Energy) Turn all power off at or above this temperature (default 90C)",
"(Rotary) Rotary step boundary (default 10)",
"(IR) Base tolerance percentage for matching incoming IR messages (default 25, max 100)",
"(Bistable) Pulse time in milliseconds for two coil bistable latching relays (default 40)",
"(PowerOn) Add delay of 10 x value milliseconds at power on",
"(PowerOn) Add delay of value seconds at power on before activating relays",
"(Energy) Support energy dummy relays",
"",
],[
"(Timers) Enabled",
"(GPIO) Enable ESP8285 user GPIO's (1)",
"(Time) Append timezone to JSON time (1)",
"(GUI) Show hostname and IP address in GUI main menu (1)",
"(Tuya) Apply SetOption20 settings to Tuya device (1)",
"(mDNS) Service on (1) or off (0)",
"(Wifi) Scan network at restart for configured AP's (1) or used stored AP (0)",
"(Wifi) Scan network every 44 minutes for configured AP's (1)",
"(IR) Add IR Raw data to JSON message (1)",
"(MQTT) Send tele/%topic%/STATE in addition to stat/%topic%/RESULT (1)",
"(Sleep) Enable normal sleep (1) instead of dynamic sleep (0)",
"(Button, Switch) Force local operation (1) when button/switch topic is set",
"(MQTT) Don't use retain flag on HOLD messages (1)",
"(Power) Don't scan relay power state at restart (1)",
"(JSON) Enable '_' (1) instead of '-' (0) as sensor index separator",
"(QPC) Disable (1) fast power cycle detection for device reset",
"(Tuya) Enable (1) TuyaMcuReceived messages over Mqtt",
"(Buzzer) Enable (1) buzzer when available",
"(Light) Enable multi-channels PWM (1) instead of Color PWM (0)",
"(not used) Limits Tuya dimmers to minimum of 10% (25) when enabled",
"(Energy) Enable Weekend Energy Tariff",
"(DDS2382) Select different Modbus registers (1) for Active Energy (#6531)",
"(Energy) Enable (1) hardware energy total counter as reference (#6561)",
"(Button) Detach buttons from relays (1) and enable MQTT action state for multipress",
"(DS18x20) Enable internal pullup (1) for single DS18x20 sensor",
"(MQTT) GroupTopic replaces %topic% (0) or fixed topic cmnd/grouptopic (1)",
"(Deepsleep) Enable incrementing bootcount (1) when deepsleep is enabled",
"(Light) Do not power off (1) if slider moved to far left",
"(not used) Disable OTA compatibility check",
"(Counter) Enable resetting of counters (1) after telemetry was sent",
"(Shutter) Enable shutter support (1)",
"(PCF8574) Invert all ports on PCF8574 devices (1)"
],[
"(Alexa) Reduced CT range for Alexa (1)",
"(Zigbee) Use FriendlyNames (1) instead of ShortAddresses (0) when possible",
"(AWS IoT) publish MQTT state to a device shadow (1)",
"(DevGroups) Enable Device Groups (1)",
"(PWM Dimmer) Turn brightness LED's off (1) 5 seconds after last change",
"(PWM Dimmer) Turn red LED on (1) when powered off",
"(DevGroups) Enable relays in separate device groups/PWM Dimmer Buttons control remote devices (1)",
"(MQTT, Zigbee) Distinct MQTT topics per device for Zigbee (1) (#7835)",
"(MQTT) Disable non-json MQTT response (1)",
"(Light) Enable light fading at start/power on (1)",
"(Light) Set PWM Mode from regular PWM (0) to ColorTemp (1) control (Xiaomi Philips ...)",
"(Compress) Keep uncompressed rules in memory to avoid CPU load of uncompressing at each tick (1)",
"(MAXxxx) Implement simpler MAX6675 protocol (1) instead of MAX31855 (0)",
"(Wifi) Enable Wifi",
"(Eth) Enable Ethernet (ESP32)",
"(Tuya) Set Baud rate for TuyaMCU serial communication to 9600 (0) or 115200 (1)",
"(Rotary) Use rules (1) instead of light control (0)",
"(PWM Dimmer) Enable zerocross dimmer (1)",
"(Zigbee) Remove ZbReceived form JSON message (1)",
"(Zigbee) Add the source endpoint as suffix to attributes, ex `Power3` (1) instead of `Power` (0) if sent from endpoint 3",
"(Teleinfo) Set Baud rate for Teleinfo communication to 1200 (0) or 9600 (1)",
"(MQTT TLS) Enable TLS mode (1) (requires TLS version)",
"(MQTT) No Retain (1) - disable all MQTT retained messages, some brokers don't support it: AWS IoT, Losant",
"(Light) White Blend Mode (1) - used to be `RGBWWTable` last value `0`, now deprecated in favor of this option",
"(Light) Virtual CT (1) - Creates a virtual White ColorTemp for RGBW lights",
"(Light) Virtual CT Channel (1) - signals whether the hardware white is cold CW (true) or warm WW (false)",
"(Teleinfo) Enable Teleinfo + Tasmota Energy device (0) or Teleinfo raw data only (1)",
"(Alexa) Gen1 mode (1) - if you only have Echo Dot 2nd gen devices",
"(Zigbee) Disable auto-config (1) when pairing new devices",
"(Buzzer) Use frequency output (1) for buzzer pin instead of on/off signal (0)",
"(Zigbee) Use friendly name in zigbee topic (1) (use with SetOption89)",
"(Rotary) Set dimmer low on rotary dial after power off (1)"
],[
"(Switch) Detach Switches from relays and enable MQTT action state for all the SwitchModes (1)",
"(ESP32 BLE) Enable ESP32 MI32 BLE (1)",
"(Zigbee) Disable auto-query of zigbee lights and devices (1)",
"(Light) run fading at fixed duration instead of fixed slew rate",
"(Zigbee) Move ZbReceived from JSON message and into the subtopic replacing SENSOR default",
"(Zigbee) Remove the device addr from json payload, can be used with zb_topic_fname where the addr is already known from the topic",
"(Zigbee) Append endpoint number to topic if device dependent (use with SetOption89)",
"(MQTT) Retain on State",
"(MQTT) Retain on Info",
"(Wiegand) switch tag number output to hex format (1)",
"(Wiegand) send key pad stroke as single char (0) or one tag (ending char #) (1)",
"(Zigbee) Hide bridge topic from zigbee topic (use with SetOption89) (1)",
"(DS18x20) Enable arithmetic mean over teleperiod for JSON temperature (1)",
"(Wifi) Keep wifi in no-sleep mode, prevents some occasional unresponsiveness",
"(Web) Allow access without referer check",
"(Energy) Show phase information",
"(Debug) Show heap with logging timestamp",
"(Tuya) Allow save dimmer = 0 receved by MCU",
"(TLS) Use fingerprint validation instead of CA based",
"(Shift595) Invert outputs of 74x595 shift registers",
"(PWM) force PWM lights to start at same phase, default is to spread phases to minimze overlap (also needed for H-bridge)",
"(Display & LVGL) force disabling default splash screen",
"(TuyaSNS) When ON disable publish single SNS value on Tuya Receive (keep Teleperiod)",
"(Tuya) When Set, avoid the (mqtt-) publish of Tuya MCU Heartbeat response if SetOption66 is active",
"(GUI) Align (energy) table values left (0) or right (1)",
"(Pressure) Switch between mmHg (0) or inHg (1) when SO24 1",
"(MQTT) MQTT clean session (0 = default) or persistent session (1)",
"(GUI) Disable display of GUI module name (1)",
"(Wifi) Wait 1 second for wifi connection solving some FRITZ!Box modem issues (1)",
"(Zigbee) Disable Battery auto-probe and using auto-binding",
"(Zigbee) Include time in `ZbReceived` messages like other sensors",
"(MQTT) Retain on Status"
],[
"(ESP32) Show ESP32 internal temperature sensor",
"(MQTT) Disable publish SSerialReceived MQTT messages, you must use event trigger rules instead",
"(Light) start DMX ArtNet at boot, listen to UDP port as soon as network is up",
"(Wifi) prefer IPv6 DNS resolution to IPv4 address when available. Requires `#define USE_IPV6`",
"(Energy) Force no voltage/frequency common",
"(Matter) Enable Matter protocol over Wifi",
"(Power) Switch between two (0) or one (1) pin bistable relay control",
"(Berry) Disable autoexec.be on restart (1)",
"(Berry) Handle berry led using RMT0 as additional WS2812 scheme",
"(ZCDimmer) Enable rare falling Edge dimmer instead of leading edge",
"(Sen5x) Run in passive mode when there is another I2C master (e.g. Ikea Vindstyrka), i.e. do not set up Sen5x sensor, higher polling interval",
"(NeoPool) Output sensitive data (1)",
"(MQTT) Disable publish ModbusReceived MQTT messages (1), you must use event trigger rules instead",
"(Counter) Enable counting on both rising and falling edge (1)",
"","",
"","","","",
"","","","",
"","","","",
"","","",""
]]
a_features = [[
"USE_ENERGY_MARGIN_DETECTION","USE_LIGHT","USE_I2C","USE_SPI",
"USE_DISCOVERY","USE_ARDUINO_OTA","USE_MQTT_TLS","USE_WEBSERVER",
"WEBSERVER_ADVERTISE","USE_EMULATION_HUE","MQTT_PUBSUBCLIENT","MQTT_TASMOTAMQTT",
"USE_MODBUS_BRIDGE","MQTT_HOST_DISCOVERY","USE_ARILUX_RF","USE_WS2812",
"USE_WS2812_DMA","USE_IR_REMOTE","USE_IR_HVAC","USE_IR_RECEIVE",
"USE_DOMOTICZ","USE_DISPLAY","USE_HOME_ASSISTANT","USE_SERIAL_BRIDGE",
"USE_TIMERS","USE_SUNRISE","USE_TIMERS_WEB","USE_RULES",
"USE_KNX","USE_WPS","USE_SMARTCONFIG","USE_ENERGY_POWER_LIMIT"
],[
"USE_CONFIG_OVERRIDE","FIRMWARE_MINIMAL","FIRMWARE_SENSORS","FIRMWARE_CLASSIC",
"FIRMWARE_KNX_NO_EMULATION","USE_DISPLAY_MODES1TO5","USE_DISPLAY_GRAPH","USE_DISPLAY_LCD",
"USE_DISPLAY_SSD1306","USE_DISPLAY_MATRIX","USE_DISPLAY_ILI9341","USE_DISPLAY_EPAPER_29",
"USE_DISPLAY_SH1106","USE_MP3_PLAYER","USE_PCA9685","USE_TUYA_MCU",
"USE_RC_SWITCH","USE_ARMTRONIX_DIMMERS","USE_SM16716","USE_SCRIPT",
"USE_EMULATION_WEMO","USE_SONOFF_IFAN","USE_ZIGBEE","NO_EXTRA_4K_HEAP",
"VTABLES_IN_IRAM","VTABLES_IN_DRAM","VTABLES_IN_FLASH","PIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_LWIP_HIGHER_BANDWIDTH",
"PIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_LWIP2_LOW_MEMORY","PIO_FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO_LWIP2_HIGHER_BANDWIDTH","DEBUG_THEO","USE_DEBUG_DRIVER"
],[
"USE_COUNTER","USE_ADC_VCC","USE_ENERGY_SENSOR","USE_PZEM004T",
"USE_DS18B20","USE_DS18x20_LEGACY","USE_DS18x20","USE_DHT",
"USE_SHT","USE_HTU","USE_BMP","USE_BME68X",
"USE_BH1750","USE_VEML6070","USE_ADS1115_I2CDEV","USE_ADS1115",
"USE_INA219","USE_SHT3X","USE_MHZ19","USE_TSL2561",
"USE_SENSEAIR","USE_PMS5003","USE_MGS","USE_NOVA_SDS",
"USE_SGP30","USE_SR04","USE_SDM120","USE_SI1145",
"USE_SDM630","USE_LM75AD","USE_APDS9960","USE_TM1638"
],[
"USE_MCP230xx","USE_MPR121","USE_CCS811","USE_MPU6050",
"USE_MCP230xx_OUTPUT","USE_MCP230xx_DISPLAYOUTPUT","USE_HLW8012","USE_CSE7766",
"USE_MCP39F501","USE_PZEM_AC","USE_DS3231","USE_HX711",
"USE_PZEM_DC","USE_TX20_WIND_SENSOR","USE_MGC3130","USE_RF_SENSOR",
"USE_THEO_V2","USE_ALECTO_V2","USE_AZ7798","USE_MAX31855",
"USE_PN532_HSU","USE_MAX44009","USE_SCD30","USE_HRE",
"USE_ADE7953","USE_SPS30","USE_VL53L0X","USE_MLX90614",
"USE_MAX31865","USE_CHIRP","USE_SOLAX_X1","USE_PAJ7620"
],[
"USE_BUZZER","USE_RDM6300","USE_IBEACON","USE_SML_M",
"USE_INA226","USE_A4988_STEPPER","USE_DDS2382","USE_SM2135",
"USE_SHUTTER","USE_PCF8574","USE_DDSU666","USE_DEEPSLEEP",
"USE_SONOFF_SC","USE_SONOFF_RF","USE_SONOFF_L1","USE_EXS_DIMMER",
"USE_TASMOTA_CLIENT","USE_HIH6","USE_HPMA","USE_TSL2591",
"USE_DHT12","USE_DS1624","USE_GPS","USE_HOTPLUG",
"USE_NRF24","USE_MIBLE","USE_HM10","USE_LE01MR",
"USE_AHT1x","USE_WEMOS_MOTOR_V1","USE_DEVICE_GROUPS","USE_PWM_DIMMER"
],[
"USE_KEELOQ","USE_HRXL","USE_SONOFF_D1","USE_HDC1080",
"USE_IAQ","USE_DISPLAY_SEVENSEG","USE_AS3935","USE_PING",
"USE_WINDMETER","USE_OPENTHERM","USE_THERMOSTAT","USE_VEML6075",
"USE_VEML7700","USE_MCP9808","USE_BL09XX","USE_TELEGRAM",
"USE_HP303B","USE_TCP_BRIDGE","USE_TELEINFO","USE_LMT01",
"USE_PROMETHEUS","USE_IEM3000","USE_DYP","USE_I2S_AUDIO",
"USE_MLX90640","USE_VL53L1X","USE_MIEL_HVAC","USE_WE517",
"USE_EZOPH","USE_TTGO_WATCH","USE_ETHERNET","USE_WEBCAM"
],[
"USE_EZOORP","USE_EZORTD","USE_EZOHUM","USE_EZOEC",
"USE_EZOCO2","USE_EZOO2","USE_EZOPRS","USE_EZOFLO",
"USE_EZODO","USE_EZORGB","USE_EZOPMP","USE_AS608",
"USE_SHELLY_DIMMER","USE_RC522","USE_FTC532","USE_DISPLAY_EPAPER_42",
"USE_DISPLAY_ILI9488","USE_DISPLAY_SSD1351","USE_DISPLAY_RA8876","USE_DISPLAY_ST7789",
"USE_DISPLAY_SSD1331","USE_UFILESYS","USE_TIMEPROP","USE_PID",
"USE_BS814A2","USE_SEESAW_SOIL","USE_WIEGAND","USE_NEOPOOL",
"USE_TOF10120","USE_SDM72","USE_DISPLAY_TM1637","USE_PROJECTOR_CTRL"
],[
"USE_MPU_ACCEL","USE_TFMINIPLUS","USE_CSE7761","USE_BERRY",
"USE_BM8563","USE_ENERGY_DUMMY","USE_AM2320","USE_T67XX",
"USE_MCP2515","USE_TASMESH","USE_WIFI_RANGE_EXTENDER","USE_INFLUXDB",
"USE_HRG15","USE_VINDRIKTNING","USE_SCD40","USE_HM330X",
"USE_HDC2010","USE_LSC_MCSL","USE_SONOFF_SPM","USE_SHIFT595",
"USE_SDM230","USE_CM110x","USE_BL6523","USE_ADE7880",
"USE_PCF85363","USE_DS3502","USE_IMPROV","USE_FLOWRATEMETER",
"USE_BP5758D","USE_HYT","USE_SM2335","USE_DISPLAY_TM1621_SONOFF"
],[
"USE_SGP40","USE_LUXV30B","USE_CANSNIFFER","USE_QMC5883L",
"USE_MODBUS_ENERGY","USE_SHELLY_PRO","USE_DALI","USE_BP1658CJ",
"USE_DINGTIAN_RELAY","USE_HMC5883L","USE_LD2410","USE_ME007",
"USE_DISPLAY_TM1650","USE_PCA9632","USE_TUYAMCUBR","USE_SEN5X",
"USE_BIOPDU","USE_MCP23XXX_DRV","USE_PMSA003I","USE_LOX_O2",
"USE_GDK101","USE_GM861","USE_TC74","USE_PCA9557",
"USE_SGP4X","USE_MAX17043","USE_ENS16x","USE_ENS210",
"USE_HC8","USE_HDMI_CEC","USE_BLE_ESP32","USE_MATTER_DEVICE"
],[
"USE_MAGIC_SWITCH","USE_PIPSOLAR","USE_GPIO_VIEWER","USE_AMSX915",
"USE_SPI_LORA","USE_SPL06_007","","",
"","","","",
"","","","",
"","","","",
"","","","",
"","","","",
"","","",""
]]
usage = "usage: decode-status {-d | -f} arg"
parser = OptionParser(usage)
parser.add_option("-d", "--dev", action="store", type="string",
dest="device", help="device to retrieve status from")
parser.add_option("-u", "--username", action="store", type="string",
dest="username", help="username for login", default="admin")
parser.add_option("-p", "--password", action="store", type="string",
dest="password", help="password for login", default=None)
parser.add_option("-f", "--file", metavar="FILE",
dest="jsonfile", default="status.json", help="status json file (default: status.json)")
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
if (options.device):
loginstr = ""
if options.password is not None:
loginstr = "user={}&password={}&".format(urllib.parse.quote(options.username), urllib.parse.quote(options.password))
url = str("http://{}/cm?{}cmnd=status%200".format(options.device, loginstr))
res = requests.get(url)
obj = json.loads(res.content)
else:
jsonfile = options.jsonfile
with open(jsonfile, "r") as fp:
obj = json.load(fp)
def StartDecode():
print ("\n*** decode-status.py v13.4.0.1 by Theo Arends and Jacek Ziolkowski ***")
# print("Decoding\n{}".format(obj))
if "StatusSNS" in obj:
if "Time" in obj["StatusSNS"]:
time = str(" from status report taken at {}".format(obj["StatusSNS"]["Time"]))
if "Status" in obj:
if "FriendlyName" in obj["Status"]:
print("Decoding information for device {}{}".format(obj["Status"]["FriendlyName"][0], time))
if "StatusLOG" in obj:
if "SetOption" in obj["StatusLOG"]:
options = []
i = 0
for r,opt_group in enumerate(a_setoption):
register = obj["StatusLOG"]["SetOption"][r]
if r > 0 and len(obj["StatusLOG"]["SetOption"]) == 2: # old firmware: array consisted only of SetOptions 0..31 and resolution
break
if r == 1:
if len(register) == 8: # pre 6.1.1.14: array consisted of SetOptions 0..31, resolution, and SetOptions 50..81
i += 18 # adjust option index and skip 2nd register
continue
elif len(register) == 36: # 6.1.1.14: array consists of SetOptions 0..31, SetOptions 32..49, and SetOptions 50..81
# 8.4.0.2: adds another SetOptions 114..145
split_register = [int(register[opt*2:opt*2+2],16) for opt in range(18)] # split register into 18 values
for opt_idx, option in enumerate(opt_group):
options.append(str("{0:3d} ({1:3d}) {2}".format(i, split_register[opt_idx], option)))
i += 1
if r in (0, 2, 3, 4, 5): # register 1 holds binary values
for opt_idx, option in enumerate(opt_group):
if len(option) == 0:
continue # Skip empty line
i_register = int(register,16)
state = (i_register >> opt_idx) & 1
options.append(str("{0:3d} ({1}) {2}".format(i, a_on_off[state], option)))
i += 1
if r >= len(obj["StatusLOG"]["SetOption"]) -1:
break # Versions before 11.1.0.3 hold SO until 145
print("\nOptions")
for o in options:
print(" {}".format(o))
if "StatusMEM" in obj:
if "Features" in obj["StatusMEM"]:
features = []
maxfeatures = len(obj["StatusMEM"]["Features"]) - 1
if maxfeatures > len(a_features):
print("decode-status.py too old, does not support all feature bits")
maxfeatures = min(maxfeatures, len(a_features))
for f in range(maxfeatures + 1):
feature = obj["StatusMEM"]["Features"][f]
i_feature = int(feature,16)
if f == 0:
features.append(str("Language LCID = {}".format(i_feature & 0xFFFF)))
else:
for i in range(len(a_features[f -1])):
if (i_feature >> i) & 1:
features.append(a_features[f -1][i])
features.sort()
print("\nFeatures")
for f in features:
print(" {}".format(f))
if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
StartDecode()
except Exception as e:
print("E: {}".format(e))