# Change the following to True to get a much more comprehensive set of tests # to run, albeit, which take considerably longer. full_tests = False def test(fmt, *args): print('{:8s}'.format(fmt) + '>' + fmt.format(*args) + '<') test("}}{{") test("{}-{}", 1, [4, 5]) test("{0}-{1}", 1, [4, 5]) test("{1}-{0}", 1, [4, 5]) test("{:x}", 1) test("{!r}", 2) test("{:x}", 0x10) test("{!r}", "foo") test("{!s}", "foo") test("{0!r:>10s} {0!s:>10s}", "foo") test("{:4b}", 10) test("{:4c}", 48) test("{:4d}", 123) test("{:4n}", 123) test("{:4o}", 123) test("{:4x}", 123) test("{:4X}", 123) test("{:4,d}", 12345678) test("{:#4b}", 10) test("{:#4o}", 123) test("{:#4x}", 123) test("{:#4X}", 123) test("{:#4d}", 0) test("{:#4b}", 0) test("{:#4o}", 0) test("{:#4x}", 0) test("{:#4X}", 0) test("{:<6s}", "ab") test("{:>6s}", "ab") test("{:^6s}", "ab") test("{:.1s}", "ab") test("{: <6d}", 123) test("{: <6d}", -123) test("{:0<6d}", 123) test("{:0<6d}", -123) test("{:@<6d}", 123) test("{:@<6d}", -123) test("{:@< 6d}", 123) test("{:@< 6d}", -123) test("{:@<+6d}", 123) test("{:@<+6d}", -123) test("{:@<-6d}", 123) test("{:@<-6d}", -123) test("{:@>6d}", -123) test("{:@<6d}", -123) test("{:@=6d}", -123) test("{:06d}", -123) print("{foo}/foo".format(foo="bar")) print("{}".format(123, foo="bar")) print("{}-{foo}".format(123, foo="bar")) def test_fmt(conv, fill, alignment, sign, prefix, width, precision, type, arg): fmt = '{' if conv: fmt += '!' fmt += conv fmt += ':' if alignment: fmt += fill fmt += alignment fmt += sign fmt += prefix fmt += width if precision: fmt += '.' fmt += precision fmt += type fmt += '}' test(fmt, arg) if fill == '0' and alignment == '=': fmt = '{:' fmt += sign fmt += prefix fmt += width if precision: fmt += '.' fmt += precision fmt += type fmt += '}' test(fmt, arg) int_nums = (-1234, -123, -12, -1, 0, 1, 12, 123, 1234, True, False) int_nums2 = (-12, -1, 0, 1, 12, True, False) if full_tests: for type in ('', 'b', 'd', 'o', 'x', 'X'): for width in ('', '1', '3', '5', '7'): for alignment in ('', '<', '>', '=', '^'): for fill in ('', ' ', '0', '@'): for sign in ('', '+', '-', ' '): for prefix in ('', '#'): for num in int_nums: test_fmt('', fill, alignment, sign, prefix, width, '', type, num) if full_tests: for width in ('', '1', '2'): for alignment in ('', '<', '>', '^'): for fill in ('', ' ', '0', '@'): test_fmt('', fill, alignment, '', '', width, '', 'c', 48) if full_tests: for conv in ('', 'r', 's'): for width in ('', '1', '4', '10'): for alignment in ('', '<', '>', '^'): for fill in ('', ' ', '0', '@'): for str in ('', 'a', 'bcd', 'This is a test with a longer string'): test_fmt(conv, fill, alignment, '', '', width, '', 's', str) # tests for errors in format string try: '{0:0}'.format('zzz') except (ValueError): print('ValueError') try: '{1:}'.format(1) except IndexError: print('IndexError') try: '}'.format('zzzz') except ValueError: print('ValueError') # end of format parsing conversion specifier try: '{!'.format('a') except ValueError: print('ValueError') # unknown conversion specifier try: 'abc{!d}'.format('1') except ValueError: print('ValueError') try: '{abc'.format('zzzz') except ValueError: print('ValueError') # expected ':' after specifier try: '{!s :}'.format(2) except ValueError: print('ValueError') try: '{}{0}'.format(1, 2) except ValueError: print('ValueError') try: '{1:}'.format(1) except IndexError: print('IndexError') try: '{ 0 :*^10}'.format(12) except KeyError: print('KeyError') try: '{0}{}'.format(1) except ValueError: print('ValueError') try: '{}{}'.format(1) except IndexError: print('IndexError') try: '{0:+s}'.format('1') except ValueError: print('ValueError') try: '{0:+c}'.format(1) except ValueError: print('ValueError') try: '{0:s}'.format(1) except ValueError: print('ValueError') try: '{:*"1"}'.format('zz') except ValueError: print('ValueError')