#if defined(_WIN32) && _MSC_VER > 1200 #define STBIR_ASSERT(x) \ if (!(x)) { \ __debugbreak(); \ } else #else #include #define STBIR_ASSERT(x) assert(x) #endif #define STB_IMAGE_RESIZE_IMPLEMENTATION #define STB_IMAGE_RESIZE_STATIC #include "stb_image_resize.h" #define STB_IMAGE_WRITE_IMPLEMENTATION #include "stb_image_write.h" #define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION #include "stb_image.h" #ifdef _WIN32 #include #endif #define MT_SIZE 624 static size_t g_aiMT[MT_SIZE]; static size_t g_iMTI = 0; // Mersenne Twister implementation from Wikipedia. // Avoiding use of the system rand() to be sure that our tests generate the same test data on any system. void mtsrand(size_t iSeed) { g_aiMT[0] = iSeed; for (size_t i = 1; i < MT_SIZE; i++) { size_t inner1 = g_aiMT[i - 1]; size_t inner2 = (g_aiMT[i - 1] >> 30); size_t inner = inner1 ^ inner2; g_aiMT[i] = (0x6c078965 * inner) + i; } g_iMTI = 0; } size_t mtrand() { if (g_iMTI == 0) { for (size_t i = 0; i < MT_SIZE; i++) { size_t y = (0x80000000 & (g_aiMT[i])) + (0x7fffffff & (g_aiMT[(i + 1) % MT_SIZE])); g_aiMT[i] = g_aiMT[(i + 397) % MT_SIZE] ^ (y >> 1); if ((y % 2) == 1) g_aiMT[i] = g_aiMT[i] ^ 0x9908b0df; } } size_t y = g_aiMT[g_iMTI]; y = y ^ (y >> 11); y = y ^ ((y << 7) & (0x9d2c5680)); y = y ^ ((y << 15) & (0xefc60000)); y = y ^ (y >> 18); g_iMTI = (g_iMTI + 1) % MT_SIZE; return y; } inline float mtfrand() { const int ninenine = 999999; return (float)(mtrand() % ninenine)/ninenine; } void test_suite(); int main(int argc, char** argv) { unsigned char* input_data; unsigned char* output_data; int w, h; int n; int out_w, out_h, out_stride; #if 1 test_suite(); return 0; #endif if (argc <= 1) { printf("No input image\n"); return 1; } input_data = stbi_load(argv[1], &w, &h, &n, 0); if (!input_data) { printf("Input image could not be loaded"); return 1; } out_w = 512; out_h = 512; out_stride = (out_w + 10) * n; output_data = (unsigned char*)malloc(out_stride * out_h); int in_w = 512; int in_h = 512; float s0 = 0.25f; float t0 = 0.25f; float s1 = 0.75f; float t1 = 0.75f; // Cut out the outside 64 pixels all around to test the stride. int border = 64; STBIR_ASSERT(in_w + border <= w); STBIR_ASSERT(in_h + border <= h); #ifdef PERF_TEST struct timeb initial_time_millis, final_time_millis; long average = 0; for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) { ftime(&initial_time_millis); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) stbir_resize_arbitrary(input_data + w * border * n + border * n, in_w, in_h, w*n, output_data, out_w, out_h, out_stride, 0, 0, 1, 1, n, -1, 0, STBIR_TYPE_UINT8, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); ftime(&final_time_millis); long lapsed_ms = (long)(final_time_millis.time - initial_time_millis.time) * 1000 + (final_time_millis.millitm - initial_time_millis.millitm); printf("Resample: %dms\n", lapsed_ms); average += lapsed_ms; } average /= 10; printf("Average: %dms\n", average); #else stbir_resize_arbitrary(input_data + w * border * n + border * n, in_w, in_h, w*n, output_data, out_w, out_h, out_stride, s0, t0, s1, t1, n, -1, 0, STBIR_TYPE_UINT8, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); #endif stbi_image_free(input_data); stbi_write_png("output.png", out_w, out_h, n, output_data, out_stride); free(output_data); return 0; } void resize_image(const char* filename, float width_percent, float height_percent, stbir_filter filter, stbir_edge edge, stbir_colorspace colorspace, const char* output_filename) { int w, h, n; unsigned char* input_data = stbi_load(filename, &w, &h, &n, 0); if (!input_data) { printf("Input image could not be loaded"); return; } int out_w = (int)(w * width_percent); int out_h = (int)(h * height_percent); unsigned char* output_data = (unsigned char*)malloc(out_w * out_h * n); stbir_resize_arbitrary(input_data, w, h, 0, output_data, out_w, out_h, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, n, -1, 0, STBIR_TYPE_UINT8, filter, edge, edge, colorspace); stbi_image_free(input_data); stbi_write_png(output_filename, out_w, out_h, n, output_data, 0); free(output_data); } template void convert_image(const F* input, T* output, int length) { double f = (pow(2.0, 8.0 * sizeof(T)) - 1) / (pow(2.0, 8.0 * sizeof(F)) - 1); for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) output[i] = (T)(((double)input[i]) * f); } template void test_format(const char* file, float width_percent, float height_percent, stbir_datatype type, stbir_colorspace colorspace) { int w, h, n; unsigned char* input_data = stbi_load(file, &w, &h, &n, 0); int new_w = (int)(w * width_percent); int new_h = (int)(h * height_percent); T* T_data = (T*)malloc(w * h * n * sizeof(T)); convert_image(input_data, T_data, w * h * n); T* output_data = (T*)malloc(new_w * new_h * n * sizeof(T)); stbir_resize_arbitrary(T_data, w, h, 0, output_data, new_w, new_h, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, n, -1, 0, type, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, colorspace); free(T_data); stbi_image_free(input_data); unsigned char* char_data = (unsigned char*)malloc(new_w * new_h * n * sizeof(char)); convert_image(output_data, char_data, new_w * new_h * n); char output[200]; sprintf(output, "test-output/type-%d-%d-%d-%d-%s", type, colorspace, new_w, new_h, file); stbi_write_png(output, new_w, new_h, n, char_data, 0); free(char_data); free(output_data); } void convert_image_float(const unsigned char* input, float* output, int length) { for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) output[i] = ((float)input[i])/255; } void convert_image_float(const float* input, unsigned char* output, int length) { for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) output[i] = (unsigned char)(input[i] * 255); } void test_float(const char* file, float width_percent, float height_percent, stbir_datatype type, stbir_colorspace colorspace) { int w, h, n; unsigned char* input_data = stbi_load(file, &w, &h, &n, 0); int new_w = (int)(w * width_percent); int new_h = (int)(h * height_percent); float* T_data = (float*)malloc(w * h * n * sizeof(float)); convert_image_float(input_data, T_data, w * h * n); float* output_data = (float*)malloc(new_w * new_h * n * sizeof(float)); stbir_resize_arbitrary(T_data, w, h, 0, output_data, new_w, new_h, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, n, -1, 0, type, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, colorspace); free(T_data); stbi_image_free(input_data); unsigned char* char_data = (unsigned char*)malloc(new_w * new_h * n * sizeof(char)); convert_image_float(output_data, char_data, new_w * new_h * n); char output[200]; sprintf(output, "test-output/type-%d-%d-%d-%d-%s", type, colorspace, new_w, new_h, file); stbi_write_png(output, new_w, new_h, n, char_data, 0); free(char_data); free(output_data); } void test_channels(const char* file, float width_percent, float height_percent, int channels) { int w, h, n; unsigned char* input_data = stbi_load(file, &w, &h, &n, 0); int new_w = (int)(w * width_percent); int new_h = (int)(h * height_percent); unsigned char* channels_data = (unsigned char*)malloc(w * h * channels * sizeof(unsigned char)); for (int i = 0; i < w * h; i++) { int input_position = i * n; int output_position = i * channels; for (int c = 0; c < channels; c++) channels_data[output_position + c] = input_data[input_position + stbir__min(c, n)]; } unsigned char* output_data = (unsigned char*)malloc(new_w * new_h * channels * sizeof(unsigned char)); stbir_resize_uint8_srgb(channels_data, w, h, 0, output_data, new_w, new_h, 0, channels); free(channels_data); stbi_image_free(input_data); char output[200]; sprintf(output, "test-output/channels-%d-%d-%d-%s", channels, new_w, new_h, file); stbi_write_png(output, new_w, new_h, channels, output_data, 0); free(output_data); } void test_subpixel(const char* file, float width_percent, float height_percent, float s1, float t1) { int w, h, n; unsigned char* input_data = stbi_load(file, &w, &h, &n, 0); s1 = ((float)w - 1 + s1)/w; t1 = ((float)h - 1 + t1)/h; int new_w = (int)(w * width_percent); int new_h = (int)(h * height_percent); unsigned char* output_data = (unsigned char*)malloc(new_w * new_h * n * sizeof(unsigned char)); stbir_resize_arbitrary(input_data, w, h, 0, output_data, new_w, new_h, 0, 0, 0, s1, t1, n, -1, 0, STBIR_TYPE_UINT8, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); stbi_image_free(input_data); char output[200]; sprintf(output, "test-output/subpixel-%d-%d-%f-%f-%s", new_w, new_h, s1, t1, file); stbi_write_png(output, new_w, new_h, n, output_data, 0); free(output_data); } void test_premul(const char* file) { int w, h, n; unsigned char* input_data = stbi_load(file, &w, &h, &n, 4); n = 4; // Set alpha for the top half. for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < h / 2; y++) input_data[(y*w + x)*n + 3] = input_data[(y*w + x)*n + 0]; } stbi_write_png("test-output/premul-original.png", w, h, n, input_data, 0); int new_w = (int)(w * .1); int new_h = (int)(h * .1); unsigned char* output_data = (unsigned char*)malloc(new_w * new_h * n * sizeof(unsigned char)); stbir_resize_arbitrary(input_data, w, h, 0, output_data, new_w, new_h, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, n, 3, STBIR_FLAG_NONPREMUL_ALPHA, STBIR_TYPE_UINT8, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); char output[200]; sprintf(output, "test-output/premul-%s", file); stbi_write_png(output, new_w, new_h, n, output_data, 0); stbir_resize_arbitrary(input_data, w, h, 0, output_data, new_w, new_h, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, n, -1, 0, STBIR_TYPE_UINT8, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); sprintf(output, "test-output/nopremul-%s", file); stbi_write_png(output, new_w, new_h, n, output_data, 0); stbi_image_free(input_data); free(output_data); } // test that splitting a pow-2 image into tiles produces identical results void test_subpixel_1() { unsigned char image[8 * 8]; mtsrand(0); for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(image); i++) image[i] = mtrand() % 255; unsigned char output_data[16 * 16]; stbir_resize_arbitrary(image, 8, 8, 0, output_data, 16, 16, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, -1, 0, STBIR_TYPE_UINT8, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); unsigned char output_left[8 * 16]; unsigned char output_right[8 * 16]; stbir_resize_arbitrary(image, 8, 8, 0, output_left, 8, 16, 0, 0, 0, 0.5f, 1, 1, -1, 0, STBIR_TYPE_UINT8, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); stbir_resize_arbitrary(image, 8, 8, 0, output_right, 8, 16, 0, 0.5f, 0, 1, 1, 1, -1, 0, STBIR_TYPE_UINT8, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); for (int x = 0; x < 8; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < 16; y++) { STBIR_ASSERT(output_data[y * 16 + x] == output_left[y * 8 + x]); STBIR_ASSERT(output_data[y * 16 + x + 8] == output_right[y * 8 + x]); } } } // test that replicating an image and using a subtile of it produces same results as wraparound void test_subpixel_2() { unsigned char image[8 * 8]; mtsrand(0); for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(image); i++) image[i] = mtrand() % 255; unsigned char large_image[32 * 32]; for (int x = 0; x < 8; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < 8; y++) { for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) large_image[j*4*8*8 + i*8 + y*4*8 + x] = image[y*8 + x]; } } } unsigned char output_data_1[16 * 16]; unsigned char output_data_2[16 * 16]; stbir_resize_arbitrary(image, 8, 8, 0, output_data_1, 16, 16, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, -1, 0, STBIR_TYPE_UINT8, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_WRAP, STBIR_EDGE_WRAP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); stbir_resize_arbitrary(large_image, 32, 32, 0, output_data_2, 16, 16, 0, 0.25f, 0.25f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1, -1, 0, STBIR_TYPE_UINT8, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); {for (int x = 0; x < 16; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < 16; y++) STBIR_ASSERT(output_data_1[y * 16 + x] == output_data_2[y * 16 + x]); }} } // test that 0,0,1,1 subpixel produces same result as no-rect void test_subpixel_3() { unsigned char image[8 * 8]; mtsrand(0); for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(image); i++) image[i] = mtrand() % 255; unsigned char output_data_1[32 * 32]; unsigned char output_data_2[32 * 32]; stbir_resize_uint8_subpixel(image, 8, 8, output_data_1, 32, 32, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP); stbir_resize_uint8(image, 8, 8, 0, output_data_2, 32, 32, 0, 1); for (int x = 0; x < 32; x++) { for (int y = 0; y < 32; y++) STBIR_ASSERT(output_data_1[y * 32 + x] == output_data_2[y * 32 + x]); } } // test that 1:1 resample using s,t=0,0,1,1 with bilinear produces original image void test_subpixel_4() { unsigned char image[8 * 8]; mtsrand(0); for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(image); i++) image[i] = mtrand() % 255; unsigned char output[8 * 8]; stbir_resize_arbitrary(image, 8, 8, 0, output, 8, 8, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, -1, 0, STBIR_TYPE_UINT8, STBIR_FILTER_BILINEAR, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_LINEAR); STBIR_ASSERT(memcmp(image, output, 8 * 8) == 0); } void test_suite() { int i; test_subpixel_1(); test_subpixel_2(); test_subpixel_3(); test_subpixel_4(); test_premul("barbara.png"); for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) test_subpixel("barbara.png", 0.5f, 0.5f, (float)i / 10, 1); for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) test_subpixel("barbara.png", 0.5f, 0.5f, 1, (float)i / 10); for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) test_subpixel("barbara.png", 2, 2, (float)i / 10, 1); for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) test_subpixel("barbara.png", 2, 2, 1, (float)i / 10); // Channels test test_channels("barbara.png", 0.5f, 0.5f, 1); test_channels("barbara.png", 0.5f, 0.5f, 2); test_channels("barbara.png", 0.5f, 0.5f, 3); test_channels("barbara.png", 0.5f, 0.5f, 4); test_channels("barbara.png", 2, 2, 1); test_channels("barbara.png", 2, 2, 2); test_channels("barbara.png", 2, 2, 3); test_channels("barbara.png", 2, 2, 4); // Edge behavior tests resize_image("hgradient.png", 2, 2, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_LINEAR, "test-output/hgradient-clamp.png"); resize_image("hgradient.png", 2, 2, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_WRAP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_LINEAR, "test-output/hgradient-wrap.png"); resize_image("vgradient.png", 2, 2, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_LINEAR, "test-output/vgradient-clamp.png"); resize_image("vgradient.png", 2, 2, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_WRAP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_LINEAR, "test-output/vgradient-wrap.png"); resize_image("1px-border.png", 2, 2, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_REFLECT, STBIR_COLORSPACE_LINEAR, "test-output/1px-border-reflect.png"); resize_image("1px-border.png", 2, 2, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_LINEAR, "test-output/1px-border-clamp.png"); // sRGB tests resize_image("gamma_colors.jpg", .5f, .5f, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_REFLECT, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, "test-output/gamma_colors.jpg"); resize_image("gamma_2.2.jpg", .5f, .5f, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_REFLECT, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, "test-output/gamma_2.2.jpg"); resize_image("gamma_dalai_lama_gray.jpg", .5f, .5f, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_REFLECT, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, "test-output/gamma_dalai_lama_gray.jpg"); // filter tests resize_image("barbara.png", 2, 2, STBIR_FILTER_NEAREST, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, "test-output/barbara-upsample-nearest.png"); resize_image("barbara.png", 2, 2, STBIR_FILTER_BILINEAR, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, "test-output/barbara-upsample-bilinear.png"); resize_image("barbara.png", 2, 2, STBIR_FILTER_BICUBIC, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, "test-output/barbara-upsample-bicubic.png"); resize_image("barbara.png", 2, 2, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, "test-output/barbara-upsample-catmullrom.png"); resize_image("barbara.png", 2, 2, STBIR_FILTER_MITCHELL, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, "test-output/barbara-upsample-mitchell.png"); resize_image("barbara.png", 0.5f, 0.5f, STBIR_FILTER_NEAREST, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, "test-output/barbara-downsample-nearest.png"); resize_image("barbara.png", 0.5f, 0.5f, STBIR_FILTER_BILINEAR, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, "test-output/barbara-downsample-bilinear.png"); resize_image("barbara.png", 0.5f, 0.5f, STBIR_FILTER_BICUBIC, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, "test-output/barbara-downsample-bicubic.png"); resize_image("barbara.png", 0.5f, 0.5f, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, "test-output/barbara-downsample-catmullrom.png"); resize_image("barbara.png", 0.5f, 0.5f, STBIR_FILTER_MITCHELL, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, "test-output/barbara-downsample-mitchell.png"); for (i = 10; i < 100; i++) { char outname[200]; sprintf(outname, "test-output/barbara-width-%d.jpg", i); resize_image("barbara.png", (float)i / 100, 1, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, outname); } for (i = 110; i < 500; i += 10) { char outname[200]; sprintf(outname, "test-output/barbara-width-%d.jpg", i); resize_image("barbara.png", (float)i / 100, 1, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, outname); } for (i = 10; i < 100; i++) { char outname[200]; sprintf(outname, "test-output/barbara-height-%d.jpg", i); resize_image("barbara.png", 1, (float)i / 100, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, outname); } for (i = 110; i < 500; i += 10) { char outname[200]; sprintf(outname, "test-output/barbara-height-%d.jpg", i); resize_image("barbara.png", 1, (float)i / 100, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, outname); } for (i = 50; i < 200; i += 10) { char outname[200]; sprintf(outname, "test-output/barbara-width-height-%d.jpg", i); resize_image("barbara.png", 100 / (float)i, (float)i / 100, STBIR_FILTER_CATMULLROM, STBIR_EDGE_CLAMP, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB, outname); } test_format("barbara.png", 0.5, 2.0, STBIR_TYPE_UINT16, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); test_format("barbara.png", 0.5, 2.0, STBIR_TYPE_UINT16, STBIR_COLORSPACE_LINEAR); test_format("barbara.png", 2.0, 0.5, STBIR_TYPE_UINT16, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); test_format("barbara.png", 2.0, 0.5, STBIR_TYPE_UINT16, STBIR_COLORSPACE_LINEAR); test_format("barbara.png", 0.5, 2.0, STBIR_TYPE_UINT32, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); test_format("barbara.png", 0.5, 2.0, STBIR_TYPE_UINT32, STBIR_COLORSPACE_LINEAR); test_format("barbara.png", 2.0, 0.5, STBIR_TYPE_UINT32, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); test_format("barbara.png", 2.0, 0.5, STBIR_TYPE_UINT32, STBIR_COLORSPACE_LINEAR); test_float("barbara.png", 0.5, 2.0, STBIR_TYPE_FLOAT, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); test_float("barbara.png", 0.5, 2.0, STBIR_TYPE_FLOAT, STBIR_COLORSPACE_LINEAR); test_float("barbara.png", 2.0, 0.5, STBIR_TYPE_FLOAT, STBIR_COLORSPACE_SRGB); test_float("barbara.png", 2.0, 0.5, STBIR_TYPE_FLOAT, STBIR_COLORSPACE_LINEAR); }