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# AdGuard Home - How to write hosts blocklists
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [Rules examples](#examples)
* [Adblock-style syntax](#adblock-syntax)
* [Special characters](#special-characters)
* [Regular expressions support](#regular-expressions)
* [Rule modifiers](#modifiers)
* [client](#client)
* [important](#important)
* [badfilter](#badfilter)
* [ctag](#ctag)
* [/etc/hosts syntax](#etc-hosts)
* [Domains-only syntax](#domains-only)
* [Hostlists compiler](#hostlists-compiler)
## <a id="introduction"></a> Introduction
There are three different approaches to writing hosts blocklists:
- [Adblock-style syntax](#adblock-style) - modern approach to writing filtering rules based on using a subset of the Adblock-style syntax. This way blocklists will be compatible with browser ad blockers.
@ -14,7 +30,7 @@ If you are creating a blocklist for AdGuard Home, we recommend using the [Adbloc
> If you're maintaining an old-style `/etc/hosts` blocklist or if you maintain multiple filter lists (regardless of which type), we provide a tool that can be used to compile blocklists for AdGuard Home. We called it [Hostlist compiler](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/HostlistCompiler) and we use it ourselves to create [AdGuard SDN filter](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/AdGuardSDNSFilter).
## Rules examples
## <a id="rules-examples"></a> Rules examples
- `||example.org^` - block access to the `example.org` domain and all its subdomains
- `@@||example.org^` - unblock access to the `example.org` domain and all its subdomains
@ -36,14 +52,14 @@ modifiers = [modifier0, modifier1[, ...[, modifierN]]]
- `@@` — a marker that is used in the "exception" rules. Start your rule with this marker if you want to turn off filtering for the matching hostnames.
- `modifiers` — parameters that clarify the rule. They may limit the scope of the rule or even completely change the way it works.
### Special characters
### <a id="special-characters"></a> Special characters
- `*` — wildcard character. It is used to represent "any set of characters". This can also be an empty string or a string of any length.
- `||` — matching the beginning of a hostname (and any subdomain). For instance, `||example.org` matches `example.org` and `test.example.org`, but not `testexample.org`.
- `^` — separator character mark. Unlike browser ad blocking, there's nothing to "separate" in a hostname, so the only purpose of this character is to mark the end of the hostname.
- `|` — a pointer to the beginning or the end of the hostname. The value depends on the character placement in the mask. For example, the rule `ample.org|` corresponds to `example.org`, but not to `example.org.com`. `|example` corresponds to `example.org`, but not to `test.example`.
### Regular expressions support
### <a id="regular-expressions"></a> Regular expressions support
If you want even more flexibility in making rules, you can use [Regular expressions](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions) instead of the default simplified matching syntax.
@ -53,7 +69,7 @@ If you want to use a regular expression, the pattern has to look like this:
pattern = "/" regexp "/"
```
### Comments
### <a id="comments"></a> Comments
Any line that starts with an exclamation mark is a comment and it will be ignored by the filtering engine. Comments are usually placed above rules and used to describe what a rule does.
@ -66,7 +82,7 @@ Any line that starts with an exclamation mark is a comment and it will be ignore
- `/example.*/` will block hosts matching the `example.*` regex.
- `@@/example.*/$important` will unblock hosts matching the `example.*` regex. Note that this rule also has the `$important` modifier.
### Rule modifiers
### <a id="modifiers"></a> Rule modifiers
You can change the behavior of a rule by using additional modifiers. Modifiers must be located at the end of the rule after the `$` character and be separated by commas.
@ -82,7 +98,7 @@ Example:
> **IMPORTANT:** If a rule contains a modifier not listed in this document, the whole rule **must be ignored**. This way we will avoid false-positives when people are trying to use unmodified browser ad blockers' filter lists like EasyList or EasyPrivacy.
#### <a id="client"></a> `client`
#### <a id="client"></a> <a id="client"></a> `client`
The `$client` modifier allows specifying clients this rule will be working for. It accepts both client names or IP addresses.
@ -111,7 +127,7 @@ Client names usually contain spaces or other special characters, that's why you
* `||example.org^$client=~'Mary\'s\, John\'s\, and Boris\'s laptops'` — block `example.org` for everyone except the client named `Mary's, John's, and Boris's laptops`. Note that comma (`,`) must be escaped as well.
* `||example.org^$client=~Mom|~Dad|Kids` -- block `example.org` for `Kids`, but not for `Mom` and `Dad`. This example demonstrates how to specify multiple clients in one rule.
#### <a id="important"></a> `important`
#### <a id="important"></a> <a id="important"></a> `important`
The `$important` modifier applied to a rule increases its priority over any other rule without \$important modifier. Even over basic exception rules.
@ -236,3 +252,15 @@ example.org
```
If a string is not a valid domain (e.g. `*.example.org`), AdGuard Home will consider it to be an [adblock-style](#adblock-style) rule.
## <a id="hostlists-compiler"></a> Hostlists compiler
If you are maintaining a blocklist and use different sources in it, [Hostlists compiler](https://github.com/AdguardTeam/HostlistCompiler) may be useful to you.
This is a simple tool that makes it easier to compile a hosts blocklist compatible with AdGuard Home or any other AdGuard product with DNS filtering.
What it's capable of:
1. Compile a single blocklist from multiple sources.
2. Exclude the rules you don't need.
3. Cleanup the resulting list: deduplicate, remove invalid rules, compress the list.