This avoids a confusing ENOMEM raised from gap_advertise if there is
currently an active connection. This refers to the static connection
buffer pre-allocated by Nimble (nothing to do with MicroPython heap
memory).
This is to more accurately match the BLE spec, where intervals are
configured in units of channel hop time (625us). When it was
specified in ms, not all "valid" intervals were able to be
specified.
Now that we're also allowing configuration of scan interval, this
commit updates advertising to match.
This adds two additional optional kwargs to `gap_scan()`:
- `interval_us`: How long between scans.
- `window_us`: How long to scan for during a scan.
The default with NimBLE is a 11.25ms window with a 1.28s interval.
Changing these parameters is important for detecting low-frequency
advertisements (e.g. beacons).
Note: these params are in microseconds, not milliseconds in order
to allow the 625us granularity offered by the spec.
On other ports (e.g. ESP32) they provide a complete Nimble implementation
(i.e. we don't need to use the code in extmod/nimble). This change
extracts out the bits that we don't need to use in other ports:
- malloc/free/realloc for Nimble memory.
- pendsv poll handler
- depowering the cywbt
Also cleans up the root pointer management.
With this patch alignment is done relative to the start of the buffer that
is being unpacked, not the raw pointer value, as per CPython.
Fixes issue #3314.
As per the README.md of the upstream source at
https://github.com/B-Con/crypto-algorithms, this source code was released
into the public domain, so make that explicit in the copyright line in the
header.
Enabled via MICROPY_PY_URE_DEBUG, disabled by default (but enabled on unix
coverage build). This is a rarely used feature that costs a lot of code
(500-800 bytes flash). Debugging of regular expressions can be done
offline with other tools.
The helper function exec_user_callback executes within the context of an
lwIP C callback, and the user (Python) callback to be scheduled may want to
perform further TCP/IP actions, so the latter should be scheduled to run
outside the lwIP context (otherwise it's effectively a "hard IRQ" and such
callbacks have lots of restrictions).
If tcp_write returns ERR_MEM then it's not a fatal error but instead means
the caller should retry the write later on (and this is what lwIP's netconn
API does).
This fixes problems where a TCP send would raise OSError(ENOMEM) in
situations where the TCP/IP stack is under heavy load. See eg issues #1897
and #1971.
Setting MICROPY_PY_USSL and MICROPY_SSL_MBEDTLS at the Makefile-level will
now build mbedTLS from source and include it in the build, with the ussl
module using this TLS library. Extra settings like MBEDTLS_CONFIG_FILE may
need to be provided by a given port.
If a port wants to use its own mbedTLS library then it should not set
MICROPY_SSL_MBEDTLS at the Makefile-level but rather set it at the C level,
and provide the library as part of the build in its own way (see eg esp32
port).
In d5f0c87bb9 this call to tcp_poll() was
added to put a timeout on closing TCP sockets. But after calling
tcp_close() the PCB may be freed and therefore invalid, so tcp_poll() can
not be used at that point. As a fix this commit calls tcp_poll() before
closing the TCP PCB. If the PCB is subsequently closed and freed by
tcp_close() or tcp_abort() then the PCB will not be on any active list and
the callback will not be executed, which is the desired behaviour (the
_lwip_tcp_close_poll() callback only needs to be called if the PCB remains
active for longer than the timeout).
Commit 2848a613ac introduced a bug where
lwip_socket_free_incoming() accessed pcb.tcp->state after the PCB was
closed. The state may have changed due to that close call, or the PCB may
be freed and therefore invalid. This commit fixes that by calling
lwip_socket_free_incoming() before the PCB is closed.
For example: i2c.writevto(addr, (buf1, buf2)). This allows to efficiently
(wrt memory) write data composed of separate buffers, such as a command
followed by a large amount of data.
It consists of:
1. "do_handhake" param (default True) to wrap_socket(). If it's False,
handshake won't be performed by wrap_socket(), as it would be done in
blocking way normally. Instead, SSL socket can be set to non-blocking mode,
and handshake would be performed before the first read/write request (by
just returning EAGAIN to these requests, while instead reading/writing/
processing handshake over the connection). Unfortunately, axTLS doesn't
really support non-blocking handshake correctly. So, while framework for
this is implemented on MicroPython's module side, in case of axTLS, it
won't work reliably.
2. Implementation of .setblocking() method. It must be called on SSL socket
for blocking vs non-blocking operation to be handled correctly (for
example, it's not enough to wrap non-blocking socket with wrap_socket()
call - resulting SSL socket won't be itself non-blocking). Note that
.setblocking() propagates call to the underlying socket object, as
expected.
For this, add wrap_socket(do_handshake=False) param. CPython doesn't have
such a param at a module's global function, and at SSLContext.wrap_socket()
it has do_handshake_on_connect param, but that uselessly long.
Beyond that, make write() handle not just MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE, but
also MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ, as during handshake, write call may be
actually preempted by need to read next handshake message from peer.
Likewise, for read(). And even after the initial negotiation, situations
like that may happen e.g. with renegotiation. Both
MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ and MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE are however mapped
to the same None return code. The idea is that if the same read()/write()
method is called repeatedly, the progress will be made step by step anyway.
The caveat is if user wants to add the underlying socket to uselect.poll().
To be reliable, in this case, the socket should be polled for both POLL_IN
and POLL_OUT, as we don't know the actual expected direction. But that's
actually problematic. Consider for example that write() ends with
MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ, but gets converted to None. We put the
underlying socket on pull using POLL_IN|POLL_OUT but that probably returns
immediately with POLL_OUT, as underlyings socket is writable. We call the
same ussl write() again, which again results in MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ,
etc. We thus go into busy-loop.
So, the handling in this patch is temporary and needs fixing. But exact way
to fix it is not clear. One way is to provide explicit function for
handshake (CPython has do_handshake()), and let *that* return distinct
codes like WANT_READ/WANT_WRITE. But as mentioned above, past the initial
handshake, such situation may happen again with at least renegotiation. So
apparently, the only robust solution is to return "out of bound" special
sentinels like WANT_READ/WANT_WRITE from read()/write() directly. CPython
throws exceptions for these, but those are expensive to adopt that way for
efficiency-conscious implementation like MicroPython.
In CPython the random module is seeded differently on each import, and so
this new macro option MICROPY_PY_URANDOM_SEED_INIT_FUNC allows to implement
such a behaviour.
Since commit da938a83b5 the tcp_arg() that is
set for the new connection is the new connection itself, and the parent
listening socket is found in the pcb->connected entry.
Use uos.dupterm for REPL configuration of the main USB_VCP(0) stream on
dupterm slot 1, if USB is enabled. This means dupterm can also be used to
disable the boot REPL port if desired, via uos.dupterm(None, 1).
For efficiency this adds a simple hook to the global uos.dupterm code to
work with streams that are known to be native streams.
Some users of this module may require the LwIP stack to run at an elevated
priority, to protect against concurrency issues with processing done by the
underlying network interface. Since LwIP doesn't provide such protection
it must be done here (the other option is to run LwIP in a separate thread,
and use thread protection mechanisms, but that is a more heavyweight
solution).
The bug polling for readability was: if alloc==0 and tcp.item==NULL then
the code would incorrectly check tcp.array[iget] which is an invalid
dereference when alloc==0. This patch refactors the code to use a helper
function lwip_socket_incoming_array() to return the correct pointer for the
incomming connection array.
Fixes issue #4511.
As mentioned in #4450, `websocket` was experimental with a single intended
user, `webrepl`. Therefore, we'll make this change without a weak
link `websocket` -> `uwebsocket`.
Previously crypto-algorithms impl was included even if MICROPY_SSL_MBEDTLS
was in effect, thus we relied on the compiler/linker to cut out the unused
functions.
Python defines warnings as belonging to categories, where category is a
warning type (descending from exception type). This is useful, as e.g.
allows to disable warnings selectively and provide user-defined warning
types. So, implement this in MicroPython, except that categories are
represented just with strings. However, enough hooks are left to implement
categories differently per-port (e.g. as types), without need to patch each
and every usage.
This header is deprecated as of mbedtls 2.8.0, as shipped with Ubuntu
18.04. Leads to #warning which is promoted to error with uPy compile
options.
Note that the current version of mbedtls is 2.14 at the time of writing.
It's more robust to have the version defined statically in a header file,
rather than dynamically generating it via git using a git tag. In case
git doesn't exist, or a different source control tool is used, it's
important to still have the uPy version number available.
SHORT, INT, LONG, LONGLONG, and unsigned (U*) variants are being defined.
This is done at compile using GCC-style predefined macros like
__SIZEOF_INT__. If the compiler doesn't have such defines, no such types
will be defined.
The recent implementation of the listen backlog meant that the logic to
test for readability of such a socket changed, and this commit updates the
logic to work again.
Array to hold waiting connections is in-place if backlog=1, else is a
dynamically allocated array. Incoming connections are processed FIFO
style to maintain fairness.
sizeof() can work in two ways: a) calculate size of already instantiated
structure ("sizeof variable") - in this case we already no layout; b) size
of structure decsription ("sizeof type"). In the latter case, LAYOUT_NATIVE
was assumed, but there should possibility to calculate size for other
layouts too. So, with this patch, there're now 2 forms:
uctypes.sizeof(struct)
uctypes.sizeof(struct_desc, layout)
This value is unused. It was an artifact of early draft design, but
bitfields were optimized to use scalar one-word encoding, to allow
compact encoding of typical multiple bitfields in MCU control
registers.
Since mbedtls 2.7.0 new digest functions were introduced with a "_ret"
suffix to allow the functions to return an error message (eg, if the
underlying hardware acceleration failed). These new functions must be used
instead of the old ones to prevent deprecation warnings, or link errors for
missing functions, depending on the mbedtls configuration.
This removes the need for a separate axtls build stage, and builds all
axtls object files along with other code. This simplifies and cleans up
the build process, automatically builds axtls when needed, and puts the
axtls object files in the correct $(BUILD) location.
The MicroPython axtls configuration file is provided in
extmod/axtls-include/config.h
The underlying socket can handling polling, and any other transparent ioctl
requests. Note that CPython handles the case of polling an ssl object by
polling the file descriptor of the underlying socket file, and that
behaviour is emulated here.
Otherwise they may be called on a socket that no longer exists.
For example, if the GC calls the finaliser on the socket and then reuses
its heap memory, the "callback" entry of the old socket may contain invalid
data. If lwIP then calls the TCP callback the code may try to call the
user callback object which is now invalid. The lwIP callbacks must be
deregistered during the closing of the socket, before all the pcb pointers
are set to NULL.
This feature is controlled at compile time by MICROPY_PY_URE_SUB, disabled
by default.
Thanks to @dmazzella for the original patch for this feature; see #3770.
This feature is controlled at compile time by
MICROPY_PY_URE_MATCH_SPAN_START_END, disabled by default.
Thanks to @dmazzella for the original patch for this feature; see #3770.
This feature is controlled at compile time by MICROPY_PY_URE_MATCH_GROUPS,
disabled by default.
Thanks to @dmazzella for the original patch for this feature; see #3770.
This will allow implementations other than axTLS.
This commit includes additions of checks and clarifications of exceptions
related to user input.
To make the interface cleaner, I've disallowed switching from encrypt to
decrypt in the same object, as this is not always possible with other
crypto libraries (not all libraries have AES_convert_key like axTLS).
Allow including crypto consts based on compilation settings. Disabled by
default to reduce code size; if one wants extra code readability, can
enable them.
The API follows guidelines of https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0272/,
but is optimized for code size, with the idea that full PEP 0272
compatibility can be added with a simple Python wrapper mode.
The naming of the module follows (u)hashlib pattern.
At the bare minimum, this module is expected to provide:
* AES128, ECB (i.e. "null") mode, encrypt only
Implementation in this commit is based on axTLS routines, and implements
following:
* AES 128 and 256
* ECB and CBC modes
* encrypt and decrypt
With this patch objects are only checked that they have the stream protocol
at the start of their use as a stream, and afterwards the efficient
mp_get_stream() helper is used to extract the stream protocol C methods.
This patch changes dupterm to call the native C stream methods on the
connected stream objects, instead of calling the Python readinto/write
methods. This is much more efficient for native stream objects like UART
and webrepl and doesn't require allocating a special dupterm array.
This change is a minor breaking change from the user's perspective because
dupterm no longer accepts pure user stream objects to duplicate on. But
with the recent addition of uio.IOBase it is possible to still create such
classes just by inheriting from uio.IOBase, for example:
import uio, uos
class MyStream(uio.IOBase):
def write(self, buf):
# existing write implementation
def readinto(self, buf):
# existing readinto implementation
uos.dupterm(MyStream())
Via the config value MICROPY_PY_UHASHLIB_SHA256. Default to enabled to
keep backwards compatibility.
Also add default value for the sha1 class, to at least document its
existence.
For consistency with other modules, and to help avoid clashes with the
actual underlying functions that do the hashing (eg
crypto-algorithms/sha256.c:sha256_update).
Following other C-level protocols, this VFS protocol is added to help
abstract away implementation details of the underlying VFS in an efficient
way. As a starting point, the import_stat function is put into this
protocol so that the VFS sub-system does not need to know about every VFS
implementation in order to do an efficient stat for importing files.
In the future it might be worth adding other functions to this protocol.
This VFS component allows to mount a host POSIX filesystem within the uPy
VFS sub-system. All traditional POSIX file access then goes through the
VFS, allowing to sandbox a uPy process to a certain sub-dir of the host
system, as well as mount other filesystem types alongside the host
filesystem.
If mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed() is available in the mbedtls bulid then so should
be mbedtls_entropy_func(). Then it's up to the port to configure a valid
entropy source, eg via MBEDTLS_ENTROPY_HARDWARE_ALT.
Otherwise the "sock" member may have an undefined value if wrap_socket
fails with an exception and exits early, and then if the finaliser runs it
will try to close an invalid stream object.
Fixes issue #3828.
This matches CPython behaviour on Linux: a socket that is new and not
listening or connected is considered "hung up".
Thanks to @rkojedzinszky for the initial patch, PR #3457.
The order of function calls in an arithmetic expression is undefined and so
they must be written out as sequential statements.
Thanks to @dv-extrarius for reporting this issue, see issue #3690.
The 2nd and 3rd args of the ternary operator are treated like they are in
the same expression and must have similar types. void is not compatible
with int so that's why the compiler is complaining.
This patch moves the implementation of stream closure from a dedicated
method to the ioctl of the stream protocol, for each type that implements
closing. The benefits of this are:
1. Rounds out the stream ioctl function, which already includes flush,
seek and poll (among other things).
2. Makes calling mp_stream_close() on an object slightly more efficient
because it now no longer needs to lookup the close method and call it,
rather it just delegates straight to the ioctl function (if it exists).
3. Reduces code size and allows future types that implement the stream
protocol to be smaller because they don't need a dedicated close method.
Code size reduction is around 200 bytes smaller for x86 archs and around
30 bytes smaller for the bare-metal archs.
This patch takes the software SPI implementation from extmod/machine_spi.c
and moves it to a dedicated file in drivers/bus/softspi.c. This allows the
SPI driver to be used independently of the uPy runtime, making it a more
general component.
This patch eliminates heap allocation in the VFS FAT disk IO layer, when
calling the underlying readblocks/writeblocks methods. The bytearray
object that is passed to these methods is now allocated on the C stack
rather than the heap (it's only 4 words big).
This means that these methods should not retain a pointer to the buffer
object that is passed in, but this was already a restriction because the
original heap-allocated bytearray had its buffer passed by reference.
This patch just moves the definition of the wrapper object fat_vfs_open_obj
to the location of the definition of its function, which matches how it's
done in most other places in the code base.
The fat_vfs_ilistdir2() function was only used by fat_vfs_ilistdir_func()
so moving the former into the same file as the latter allows it to be
placed directly into the latter function, thus saving code size.
CPython doesn't allow SEEK_CUR with non-zero offset for files in text mode,
and uPy inherited this behaviour for both text and binary files. It makes
sense to provide full support for SEEK_CUR of binary-mode files in uPy, and
to do this in a minimal way means also allowing to use SEEK_CUR with
non-zero offsets on text-mode files. That seems to be a fair compromise.
Dramatically improves TCP sending throughput because without an explicit
call to tcp_output() the data is only sent to the lower layers via the
lwIP slow timer which (by default) ticks every 500ms.
Before this patch MP_BINARY_OP_IN had two meanings: coming from bytecode it
meant that the args needed to be swapped, but coming from within the
runtime meant that the args were already in the correct order. This lead
to some confusion in the code and comments stating how args were reversed.
It also lead to 2 bugs: 1) containment for a subclass of a native type
didn't work; 2) the expression "{True} in True" would illegally succeed and
return True. In both of these cases it was because the args to
MP_BINARY_OP_IN ended up being reversed twice.
To fix these things this patch introduces MP_BINARY_OP_CONTAINS which
corresponds exactly to the __contains__ special method, and this is the
operator that built-in types should implement. MP_BINARY_OP_IN is now only
emitted by the compiler and is converted to MP_BINARY_OP_CONTAINS by
swapping the arguments.
It's possible to use the methods (eg ilistdir) of a VFS FatFS object
without it being mounted in the VFS itself. This previously worked but
only because FatFS was "mounting" the filesystem automatically when any
function (eg f_opendir) was called. But it didn't work for ports that used
synchronisation objects (_FS_REENTRANT) because they are only initialised
via a call to f_mount. So, call f_mount explicitly when creating a new
FatFS object so that everything is set up correctly. Then also provide a
finaliser to do the f_umount call, but only if synchronisation objects are
enabled (since otherwise the f_umount call does nothing).
This patch simplifies the str creation API to favour the common case of
creating a str object that is not forced to be interned. To force
interning of a new str the new mp_obj_new_str_via_qstr function is added,
and should only be used if warranted.
Apart from simplifying the mp_obj_new_str function (and making it have the
same signature as mp_obj_new_bytes), this patch also reduces code size by a
bit (-16 bytes for bare-arm and roughly -40 bytes on the bare-metal archs).
The SHA1 hashing functionality is provided via the "axtls" library's
implementation, and hence is unavailable when the "axtls" library is not being
used. This change provides the same SHA1 hashing functionality when using the
"mbedtls" library by using its implementation instead.
If SSL_EAGAIN is returned (which is a feature of MicroPython's axTLS fork),
return EAGAIN.
Original axTLS returns SSL_OK both when there's no data to return to user
yet and when the underlying stream returns EAGAIN. That's not distinctive
enough, for example, original module code works well for blocking stream,
but will infinite-loop for non-blocking socket with EAGAIN. But if we fix
non-blocking case, blocking calls to .read() will return few None's initially
(while axTLS progresses thru handshake).
Using SSL_EAGAIN allows to fix non-blocking case without regressing the
blocking one.
Note that this only handles case of non-blocking reads of application data.
Initial handshake and writes still don't support non-blocking mode and must
be done in the blocking way.
Per the comment found here
https://github.com/micropython/micropython-esp32/issues/209#issuecomment-339855157,
this patch adds finaliser code to prevent memory leaks from ussl objects,
which is especially useful when memory for a ussl context is allocated
outside the uPy heap. This patch is in-line with the finaliser code found
in many modsocket implementations for various ports.
This feature is configured via MICROPY_PY_USSL_FINALISER and is disabled by
default because there may be issues using it when the ussl state *is*
allocated on the uPy heap, rather than externally.
VLAs can be expensive on stack usage due to stack alignment requirements,
and also the fact that extra local variables are needed to track the
dynamic size of the stack. So using fixed-size arrays when possible can
help to reduce code size and stack usage.
In this particular case, the maximum value of n_args in the VLA is 2 and so
it's more efficient to just allocate this array with a fixed size. This
reduces code size by around 30 bytes on Thumb2 and Xtensa archs. It also
reduces total stack usage of the function: on Thumb2 the usage with VLA is
between 40 and 48 bytes, which is reduced to 32; on Xtensa, VLA usage is
between 64 and 80 bytes, reduced to 32; on x86-64 it's at least 88 bytes
reduced to 80.
Without this the board will crash when deactivating a stream that doesn't
have a close() method (eg UART) or that raises an exception within the
method (eg user-defined function).
The uos.dupterm() signature and behaviour is updated to reflect the latest
enhancements in the docs. It has minor backwards incompatibility in that
it no longer accepts zero arguments.
The dupterm_rx helper function is moved from esp8266 to extmod and
generalised to support multiple dupterm slots.
A port can specify multiple slots by defining the MICROPY_PY_OS_DUPTERM
config macro to an integer, being the number of slots it wants to have;
0 means to disable the dupterm feature altogether.
The unix and esp8266 ports are updated to work with the new interface and
are otherwise unchanged with respect to functionality.
Header files that are considered internal to the py core and should not
normally be included directly are:
py/nlr.h - internal nlr configuration and declarations
py/bc0.h - contains bytecode macro definitions
py/runtime0.h - contains basic runtime enums
Instead, the top-level header files to include are one of:
py/obj.h - includes runtime0.h and defines everything to use the
mp_obj_t type
py/runtime.h - includes mpstate.h and hence nlr.h, obj.h, runtime0.h,
and defines everything to use the general runtime support functions
Additional, specific headers (eg py/objlist.h) can be included if needed.
Allow literal minus in char classes to be in trailing position, e.g. [a-c-].
(Previously, minus was allowed only at the start.)
This increases ARM Thumb2 code size by 8 bytes.
This patch also removes the empty type "pinbase_type" (which crashes if
accessed) and uses "machine_pinbase_type" instead as the type of the
PinBase singleton.
With MBEDTLS_DEBUG_C disabled the function mbedtls_debug_set_threshold()
doesn't exist. There's also no need to call mbedtls_ssl_conf_dbg() so a
few bytes can be saved on disabling that and not needing the mbedtls_debug
callback.
The unary-op/binary-op enums are already defined, and there are no
arithmetic tricks used with these types, so it makes sense to use the
correct enum type for arguments that take these values. It also reduces
code size quite a bit for nan-boxing builds.
This implementation ignores invalid characters in the input. This allows
it to decode the output of b2a_base64, and also mimics the behavior of
CPython.
- Changed: ValueError, TypeError, NotImplementedError
- OSError invocations unchanged, because the corresponding utility
function takes ints, not strings like the long form invocation.
- OverflowError, IndexError and RuntimeError etc. not changed for now
until we decide whether to add new utility functions.
Since the stride is specified in pixels, in a 4-bit horizontal format it
has to always be even, otherwise the computation is wrong and we can
write outside of the buffer sometimes.
The code conventions suggest using header guards, but do not define how
those should look like and instead point to existing files. However, not
all existing files follow the same scheme, sometimes omitting header guards
altogether, sometimes using non-standard names, making it easy to
accidentally pick a "wrong" example.
This commit ensures that all header files of the MicroPython project (that
were not simply copied from somewhere else) follow the same pattern, that
was already present in the majority of files, especially in the py folder.
The rules are as follows.
Naming convention:
* start with the words MICROPY_INCLUDED
* contain the full path to the file
* replace special characters with _
In addition, there are no empty lines before #ifndef, between #ifndef and
one empty line before #endif. #endif is followed by a comment containing
the name of the guard macro.
py/grammar.h cannot use header guards by design, since it has to be
included multiple times in a single C file. Several other files also do not
need header guards as they are only used internally and guaranteed to be
included only once:
* MICROPY_MPHALPORT_H
* mpconfigboard.h
* mpconfigport.h
* mpthreadport.h
* pin_defs_*.h
* qstrdefs*.h
VfsFat no longer has the listdir() method. Rather, if listdir()
functionality is needed then one should use uos.listdir() which will call
VfsFat.ilistdir().
This patch allows mounting of VFS objects right at the root directory, eg
os.mount(vfs, '/'). It still allows VFS's to be mounted at a path within
the root, eg os.mount(vfs, '/flash'), and such mount points will override
any paths within a VFS that is mounted at the root.
Peer-closed socket is both readable and writable: read will return EOF,
write - error. Without this poll will hang on such socket.
Note that we don't return POLLHUP, based on argumentation in
http://www.greenend.org.uk/rjk/tech/poll.html that it should apply to
deeper disconnects, for example for networking, that would be link layer
disconnect (e.g. WiFi went down).
A shorter name takes less code size, less room in scripts and is faster to
type at the REPL.
Tests and HW-API examples are updated to reflect the change.
This implements the orginal idea is that Signal is a subclass of Pin, and
thus can accept all the same argument as Pin, and additionally, "inverted"
param. On the practical side, it allows to avoid many enclosed parenses for
a typical declararion, e.g. for Zephyr:
Signal(Pin(("GPIO_0", 1))).
Of course, passing a Pin to Signal constructor is still supported and is the
most generic form (e.g. Unix port will only support such form, as it doesn't
have "builtin" Pins), what's introduces here is just practical readability
optimization.
"value" kwarg is treated as applying to a Signal (i.e. accounts for possible
inversion).
MONO_xxx is much easier to read if you're not familiar with the code.
MVLSB is deprecated but kept for backwards compatibility, for the time
being.
This patch also updates the associated docs and tests.
This follows the pattern of how all other headers are now included, and
makes it explicit where the header file comes from. This patch also
removes -I options from Makefile's that specify the mp-readline/timeutils/
netutils directories, which are no longer needed.
Allows to get event time for a head item in the queue. The usecase
if waiting for the next event *OR* I/O completion. I/O completion may
happen before event triggers, and then wait should continue for the
remaining event time (or I/O completion may schedule another earlier
event altogether).
The new function has a strongly provisional status - it may be converted
to e.g. peek() function returning all of the event fields, not just time.
GIL behaviour should be handled by the port. And ports probably want to
define sleep_us so that it doesn't release the GIL, to improve timing
accuracy.
This patch refactors the error handling in the lexer, to simplify it (ie
reduce code size).
A long time ago, when the lexer/parser/compiler were first written, the
lexer and parser were designed so they didn't use exceptions (ie nlr) to
report errors but rather returned an error code. Over time that has
gradually changed, the parser in particular has more and more ways of
raising exceptions. Also, the lexer never really handled all errors without
raising, eg there were some memory errors which could raise an exception
(and in these rare cases one would get a fatal nlr-not-handled fault).
This patch accepts the fact that the lexer can raise exceptions in some
cases and allows it to raise exceptions to handle all its errors, which are
for the most part just out-of-memory errors during construction of the
lexer. This makes the lexer a bit simpler, and also the persistent code
stuff is simplified.
What this means for users of the lexer is that calls to it must be wrapped
in a nlr handler. But all uses of the lexer already have such an nlr
handler for the parser (and compiler) so that doesn't put any extra burden
on the callers.
For example, if the current directory is the root dir then this patch
allows one to do uos.listdir('mnt'), where 'mnt' is a valid mount point.
Previous to this patch such a thing would not work, on needed to do
uos.listdir('/mnt') instead.
By adding back monotonically increasing field in addition to time field.
As heapsort is not stable, without this, among entried added and readded
at the same time instant, some might be always selected, and some might
never be selected, leading to scheduling starvation.
Allows to iterate over the following without allocating on the heap:
- tuple
- list
- string, bytes
- bytearray, array
- dict (not dict.keys, dict.values, dict.items)
- set, frozenset
Allows to call the following without heap memory:
- all, any, min, max, sum
TODO: still need to allocate stack memory in bytecode for iter_buf.
If the mounted object doesn't have a "mount" method then assume it's a
block device and try to detect the filesystem. Since we currently only
support FAT filesystems, the behaviour is to just try and create a VfsFat
object automatically, using the given block device.
Each method asserts and deasserts signal respectively. They are equivalent
to .value(1) and .value(0) but conceptually simpler (and may help to avoid
confusion with inverted signals, where "asserted" state means logical 0
output).
SPI needs to be fast, and calling the EVENT_POLL_HOOK every byte makes it
unusable for ports that need to do non-trivial work in the EVENT_POLL_HOOK
call. And individual SPI transfers should be short enough in time that
EVENT_POLL_HOOK doesn't need to be called.
If something like this proves to be needed in practice then we will need
to introduce separate event hook macros, one for "slow" loops (eg
select/poll) and one for "fast" loops (eg software I2C, SPI).
machine.time_pulse_us() is intended to provide very fine timing, including
while working with signal bursts, where each transition is tracked in row.
Throwing and handling an exception may take too much time and "signal loss".
So instead, in case of a timeout, just return negative value. Cases of
timeout while waiting for initial signal stabilization, and during actual
timing, are recognized.
The documentation is updated accordingly, and rewritten somewhat to clarify
the function behavior.
A signal is like a pin, but ca also be inverted (active low). As such, it
abstracts properties of various physical devices, like LEDs, buttons,
relays, buzzers, etc. To instantiate a Signal:
pin = machine.Pin(...)
signal = machine.Signal(pin, inverted=True)
signal has the same .value() and __call__() methods as a pin.
This provides mp_vfs_XXX functions (eg mount, open, listdir) which are
agnostic to the underlying filesystem type, and just require an object with
the relevant filesystem-like methods (eg .mount, .open, .listidr) which can
then be mounted.
These mp_vfs_XXX functions would typically be used by a port to implement
the "uos" module, and mp_vfs_open would be the builtin open function.
This feature is controlled by MICROPY_VFS, disabled by default.
If MICROPY_VFS_FAT is enabled by a port then the port must switch to using
MICROPY_FATFS_OO. Otherwise a port can continue to use the FatFs code
without any changes.
import utimeq, utime
# Max queue size, the queue allocated statically on creation
q = utimeq.utimeq(10)
q.push(utime.ticks_ms(), data1, data2)
res = [0, 0, 0]
# Items in res are filled up with results
q.pop(res)
So long as a port defines relevant mp_hal_pin_xxx functions (and delay) it
can make use of this software SPI class without the need for additional
code.
These are basic drawing primitives. They work in a generic way on all
framebuf formats by calling the underlying setpixel or fill_rect C-level
primitives.
If you have longish operations on the db (such as logging data) it may
be desirable to periodically sync the database to the disk. The added
btree.sync() method merely exposes the berkley __bt_sync function to the
user.
The constants MP_IOCTL_POLL_xxx, which were stmhal-specific, are moved
from stmhal/pybioctl.h (now deleted) to py/stream.h. And they are renamed
to MP_STREAM_POLL_xxx to be consistent with other such constants.
All uses of these constants have been updated.
If the destination of os.rename() exists then it will be overwritten if it
is a file. This is the POSIX behaviour, which is also the CPython
behaviour, and so we follow suit.
See issue #2598 for discussion.
Fill is a very common operation (eg to clear the screen) and it is worth
optimising it, by providing a specialised fill_rect function for each
framebuffer format.
This patch improved the speed of fill by 10 times for a 16-bit display
with 160*128 pixels.
Rename FrameBuffer1 into FrameBuffer and make it handle different bit
depths via a method table that has getpixel and setpixel. Currently
supported formats are MVLSB (monochrome, vertical, LSB) and RGB565.
Also add blit() and fill_rect() methods.
If a port defines MICROPY_READER_POSIX or MICROPY_READER_FATFS then
lexer.c now provides an implementation of mp_lexer_new_from_file using
the mp_reader_new_file function.
Implementations of persistent-code reader are provided for POSIX systems
and systems using FatFS. Macros to use these are MICROPY_READER_POSIX and
MICROPY_READER_FATFS respectively. If an alternative implementation is
needed then a port can define the function mp_reader_new_file.
Its addition was due to an early exploration on how to add CPython-like
stream interface. It's clear that it's not needed and just takes up
bytes in all ports.
As required for further elaboration of uasyncio, like supporting baremetal
systems with wraparound timesources. This is not intended to be public
interface, and likely will be further refactored in the future.
Now the function properly uses ring arithmetic to return signed value
in range (inclusive):
[-MICROPY_PY_UTIME_TICKS_PERIOD/2, MICROPY_PY_UTIME_TICKS_PERIOD/2-1].
That means that function can properly process 2 time values away from
each other within MICROPY_PY_UTIME_TICKS_PERIOD/2 ticks, but away in
both directions. For example, if tick value 'a' predates tick value 'b',
ticks_diff(a, b) will return negative value, and positive value otherwise.
But at positive value of MICROPY_PY_UTIME_TICKS_PERIOD/2-1, the result
of the function will wrap around to negative -MICROPY_PY_UTIME_TICKS_PERIOD/2,
in other words, if a follows b in more than MICROPY_PY_UTIME_TICKS_PERIOD/2 - 1
ticks, the function will "consider" a to actually predate b.
Based on the earlier discussed RFC. Practice showed that the most natural
order for arguments corresponds to mathematical subtraction:
ticks_diff(x, y) <=> x - y
Also, practice showed that in real life, it's hard to order events by time
of occurance a priori, events tend to miss deadlines, etc. and the expected
order breaks. And then there's a need to detect such cases. And ticks_diff
can be used exactly for this purpose, if it returns a signed, instead of
unsigned, value. E.g. if x is scheduled time for event, and y is the current
time, then if ticks_diff(x, y) < 0 then event has missed a deadline (and e.g.
needs to executed ASAP or skipped). Returning in this case a large unsigned
number (like ticks_diff behaved previously) doesn't make sense, and such
"large unsigned number" can't be reliably detected per our definition of
ticks_* function (we don't expose to user level maximum value, it can be
anything, relatively small or relatively large).
In order to have more fine-grained control over how builtin functions are
constructed, the MP_DECLARE_CONST_FUN_OBJ macros are made more specific,
with suffix of _0, _1, _2, _3, _VAR, _VAR_BETEEN or _KW. These names now
match the MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ macros.
As long as a port implement mp_hal_sleep_ms(), mp_hal_ticks_ms(), etc.
functions, it can just use standard implementations of utime.sleel_ms(),
utime.ticks_ms(), etc. Python-level functions.
This refactors ujson.loads(s) to behave as ujson.load(StringIO(s)).
Increase in code size is: 366 bytes for unix x86-64, 180 bytes for
stmhal, 84 bytes for esp8266.
As per discussion in #2449, using write requests instead of read requests
for I2C.scan() seems to support a larger number of devices, especially
ones that are write-only. Even a read-only I2C device has to implement
writes in order to be able to receive the address of the register to read.
Adds check that LZ offsets fall into the sliding dictionary used. This
catches a case when uzlib.DecompIO with a smaller dictionary is used
to decompress data which was compressed with a larger dictionary.
Previously, this would lead to producing invalid data or crash, now
an exception will be thrown.
The delay_half parameter must be specified by the port to set up the
timing of the software SPI. This allows the port to adjust the timing
value to better suit its timing characteristics, as well as provide a
more accurate printing of the baudrate.
There is no need to take src_len and dest_len arguments. The case of
reading-only with a single output byte (originally src_len=1, dest_len>1)
is now handled by using the output buffer as the input buffer, and using
memset to fill the output byte into this buffer. This simplifies the
implementations of the spi_transfer protocol function.
The memory read/write I2C functions now take an optional keyword-only
parameter that specifies the number of bits in the memory address.
Only mem-addrs that are a multiple of 8-bits are supported (otherwise
the behaviour is undefined).
Due to the integer type used for the address, for values larger than 32
bits, only 32 bits of address will be sent, and the rest will be padded
with 0s. Right now no exception is raised when that happens. For values
smaller than 8, no address is sent. Also no exception then.
Tested with a VL6180 sensor, which has 16-bit register addresses.
Due to code refactoring, this patch reduces stmhal and esp8266 builds
by about 50 bytes.
When the clock is too fast for the i2c slave, it can temporarily hold
down the scl line to signal to the master that it needs to wait. The
master should check the scl line when it is releasing it after
transmitting data, and wait for it to be released.
This change has been tested with a logic analyzer and an i2c slace
implemented on an atmega328p using its twi peripheral, clocked at 8Mhz.
Without the change, the i2c communication works up to aboy 150kHz
frequency, and above that results in the slave stuck in an unresponsive
state. With this change, communication has been tested to work up to
400kHz.
Adds horizontal scrolling. Right now, I'm just leaving the margins
created by the scrolling as they were -- so they will repeat the
edge of the framebuf. This is fast, and the user can always fill
the margins themselves.
There was a bug in `framebuf1_fill` function, that makes it leave a few
lines unfilled at the bottom if the height is not divisible by 8.
A similar bug is fixed in the scroll method.
The idea is that all ports can use these helper methods and only need to
provide initialisation of the SPI bus, as well as a single transfer
function. The coding pattern follows the stream protocol and helper
methods.
This is an object-oriented approach, where uos is only a proxy for the
methods on the vfs object. Some internals had to be exposed (the STATIC
keyword removed) for this to work.
Fixes#2338.
In `btree_seq()`, when `__bt_seq()` gets called with invalid
`flags` argument it will return `RET_ERROR` and it won't
initialize `val`. If field `data` of uninitialized `val`
is passed to `mp_obj_new_bytes()` it causes a segfault.
This goes bit against websocket nature (message-based communication),
as it ignores boundaries bertween messages, but may be very practical
to do simple things with websockets.
In the sense that while GET_FILE transfers its data, REPL still works.
This is done by requiring client to send 1-byte block before WebREPL
server transfers next block of data.
Storing a chain of pbuf was an original design of @pfalcon's lwIP socket
module. The problem with storing just one, like modlwip does is that
"peer closed connection" notification is completely asynchronous and out of
band. So, there may be following sequence of actions:
1. pbuf #1 arrives, and stored in a socket.
2. pbuf #2 arrives, and rejected, which causes lwIP to put it into a
queue to re-deliver later.
3. "Peer closed connection" is signaled, and socket is set at such status.
4. pbuf #1 is processed.
5. There's no stored pbufs in teh socket, and socket status is "peer closed
connection", so EOF is returned to a client.
6. pbuf #2 gets redelivered.
Apparently, there's no easy workaround for this, except to queue all
incoming pbufs in a socket. This may lead to increased memory pressure,
as number of pending packets would be regulated only by TCP/IP flow
control, whereas with previous setup lwIP had a global overlook of number
packets waiting for redelivery and could regulate them centrally.
Allows to translate C-level pin API to Python-level pin API. In other
words, allows to implement a pin class and Python which will be usable
for efficient C-coded algorithms, like bitbanging SPI/I2C, time_pulse,
etc.
The time stamp is taken from the RTC for all newly generated
or changed files. RTC must be maintained separately.
The dummy time stamp of Jan 1, 2000 is set in vfs.stat() for the
root directory, avoiding invalid time values.
The call to stat() returns a 10 element tuple consistent to the os.stat()
call. At the moment, the only relevant information returned are file
type and file size.
Using usual method of virtual method tables. Single virtual method,
ioctl, is defined currently for all operations. This universal and
extensible vtable-based method is also defined as a default MPHAL
GPIO implementation, but a specific port may override it with its
own implementation (e.g. close-ended, but very efficient, e.g. avoiding
virtual method dispatch).
Make dupterm subsystem close a term stream object when EOF or error occurs.
There's no other party than dupterm itself in a better position to do this,
and this is required to properly reclaim stream resources, especially if
multiple dupterm sessions may be established (e.g. as networking
connections).
Both read and write operations support variants where either a) a single
call is made to the undelying stream implementation and returned buffer
length may be less than requested, or b) calls are repeated until requested
amount of data is collected, shorter amount is returned only in case of
EOF or error.
These operations are available from the level of C support functions to be
used by other C modules to implementations of Python methods to be used in
user-facing objects.
The rationale of these changes is to allow to write concise and robust
code to work with *blocking* streams of types prone to short reads, like
serial interfaces and sockets. Particular object types may select "exact"
vs "once" types of methods depending on their needs. E.g., for sockets,
revc() and send() methods continue to be "once", while read() and write()
thus converted to "exactly" versions.
These changes don't affect non-blocking handling, e.g. trying "exact"
method on the non-blocking socket will return as much data as available
without blocking. No data available is continued to be signaled as None
return value to read() and write().
From the point of view of CPython compatibility, this model is a cross
between its io.RawIOBase and io.BufferedIOBase abstract classes. For
blocking streams, it works as io.BufferedIOBase model (guaranteeing
lack of short reads/writes), while for non-blocking - as io.RawIOBase,
returning None in case of lack of data (instead of raising expensive
exception, as required by io.BufferedIOBase). Such a cross-behavior
should be optimal for MicroPython needs.
Calling it from lwIP accept callback will lead incorrect functioning
and/or packet leaks if Python callback has any networking calls, due
to lwIP non-reentrancy. So, instead schedule "poll" callback to do
that, which will be called by lwIP when it does not perform networking
activities. "Poll" callback is called infrequently though (docs say
every 0.5s by default), so for better performance, lwIP needs to be
patched to call poll callback soon after accept callback, but when
current packet is already processed.
While just a websocket is enough for handling terminal part of WebREPL,
handling file transfer operations requires demultiplexing and acting
upon, which is encapsulated in _webrepl class provided by this module,
which wraps a websocket object.
To use: .setsockopt(SOL_SOCKET, 20, lambda sock: print(sock)). There's a
single underlying callback slot. For normal sockets, it serves as data
received callback, for listening sockets - connection arrived callback.
The idea is that if dupterm object can handle exceptions, it will handle
them itself. Otherwise, object state can be compromised and it's better
to terminate dupterm session. For example, disconnected socket will keep
throwing exceptions and dump messages about that.
When lwIP creates a incoming connection socket of a listen socket, it
sets its recv callback to one which discards incoming data. We set
proper callback only in accept() call, when we allocate Python-level
socket where we can queue incoming data. So, in lwIP accept callback
be sure to set recv callback to one which tells lwIP to not discard
incoming data.
This is strange asymmetry which is sometimes needed, e.g. for WebREPL: we
want to process only available input and no more; but for output, we want
to get rid of all of it, because there's no other place to buffer/store
it. This asymmetry is akin to CPython's asyncio asymmetry, where reads are
asynchronous, but writes are synchronous (asyncio doesn't expect them to
block, instead expects there to be (unlimited) buffering for any sync write
to completely immediately).
Per POSIX http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/send.html :
"If space is not available at the sending socket to hold the message to be
transmitted, and the socket file descriptor does not have O_NONBLOCK set,
send() shall block until space is available. If space is not available at the
sending socket to hold the message to be transmitted, and the socket file
descriptor does have O_NONBLOCK set, send() shall fail [with EAGAIN]."
The code is based on Damien George's implementation for esp8266 port,
avoids use of global variables and associated re-entrancy issues, and
fixes returning stale data in some cases.
It can happen that a socket gets closed while the pbuf is not completely
drained by the application. It can also happen that a new pbuf comes in
via the recv callback, and then a "peer closed" event comes via the same
callback (pbuf=NULL) before the previous event has been handled. In both
cases the socket is closed but there is remaining data. This patch makes
sure such data is passed to the application.
This implements OO interface based on existing fsusermount code and with
minimal changes to it, to serve as a proof of concept of OO interface.
Examle of usage:
bdev = RAMFS(48)
uos.VfsFat.mkfs(bdev)
vfs = uos.VfsFat(bdev, "/ramdisk")
f = vfs.open("foo", "w")
f.write("hello!")
f.close()
This patch adds support to fsusermount for multiple block devices
(instead of just one). The maximum allowed is fixed at compile time by
the size of the fs_user_mount array accessed via MP_STATE_PORT, which
in turn is set by MICROPY_FATFS_VOLUMES.
With this patch, stmhal (which is still tightly coupled to fsusermount)
is also modified to support mounting multiple devices And the flash and
SD card are now just two block devices that are mounted at start up if
they exist (and they have special native code to make them more
efficient).
The new block protocol is:
- readblocks(self, n, buf)
- writeblocks(self, n, buf)
- ioctl(self, cmd, arg)
The new ioctl method handles the old sync and count methods, as well as
a new "get sector size" method.
The old protocol is still supported, and used if the device doesn't have
the ioctl method.
Per the previously discussed plan. mount() still stays backward-compatible,
and new mkfs() is rought and takes more args than needed. But is a step
in a forward direction.
Functions added are:
- randint
- randrange
- choice
- random
- uniform
They are enabled with configuration variable
MICROPY_PY_URANDOM_EXTRA_FUNCS, which is disabled by default. It is
enabled for unix coverage build and stmhal.
SHA1 is used in a number of protocols and algorithm originated 5 years ago
or so, in other words, it's in "wide use", and only newer protocols use
SHA2.
The implementation depends on axTLS enabled. TODO: Make separate config
option specifically for sha1().
Seedable and reproducible pseudo-random number generator. Implemented
functions are getrandbits(n) (n <= 32) and seed().
The algorithm used is Yasmarang by Ilya Levin:
http://www.literatecode.com/yasmarang
The first argument to the type.make_new method is naturally a uPy type,
and all uses of this argument cast it directly to a pointer to a type
structure. So it makes sense to just have it a pointer to a type from
the very beginning (and a const pointer at that). This patch makes
such a change, and removes all unnecessary casting to/from mp_obj_t.
This patch changes the type signature of .make_new and .call object method
slots to use size_t for n_args and n_kw (was mp_uint_t. Makes code more
efficient when mp_uint_t is larger than a machine word. Doesn't affect
ports when size_t and mp_uint_t have the same size.
Everyone loves to names similar things the same, then there're conflicts
between different libraries. The namespace prefix used is "CRYAL_", which
is weird, and that's good, as that minimizes chance of another conflict.
This basically introduces the MICROPY_MACHINE_MEM_GET_READ_ADDR
and MICROPY_MACHINE_MEM_GET_WRITE_ADDR macros. If one of them is
not defined, then a default identity function is provided.
Previously, sizeof() blindly assumed LAYOUT_NATIVE and tried to align
size even for packed LAYOUT_LITTLE_ENDIAN & LAYOUT_BIG_ENDIAN. As sizeof()
is implemented on a strucuture descriptor dictionary (not an structure
object), resolving this required passing layout type around.
This allows the mp_obj_t type to be configured to something other than a
pointer-sized primitive type.
This patch also includes additional changes to allow the code to compile
when sizeof(mp_uint_t) != sizeof(void*), such as using size_t instead of
mp_uint_t, and various casts.
Contains implementation of ?: (non-capturing groups), ?? (non-greedy ?),
as well as much improved robustness, and edge cases and error handling by
Amir Plivatsky (@ampli).
These MPHAL functions are intended to replace previously used HAL_Delay(),
HAL_GetTick() to provide better naming and MPHAL separation (they are
fully equivalent otherwise).
Also, refactor extmod/modlwip to use them.
This requires root access. And on recent Linux kernels, with
CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM option enabled, only address ranges listed in
/proc/iomem can be accessed. The above compiled-time option can be
however overriden with boot-time option "iomem=relaxed".
This also removed separate read/write paths - there unlikely would
be a case when they're different.
Now address comes first, and args related to struct type are groupped next.
Besides clear groupping, should help catch errors eagerly (e.g. forgetting
to pass address will error out).
Also, improve args number checking/reporting overall.
mp_obj_get_int_truncated will raise a TypeError if the argument is not
an integral type. Use mp_obj_int_get_truncated only when you know the
argument is a small or big int.
Previous to this patch the printing mechanism was a bit of a tangled
mess. This patch attempts to consolidate printing into one interface.
All (non-debug) printing now uses the mp_print* family of functions,
mainly mp_printf. All these functions take an mp_print_t structure as
their first argument, and this structure defines the printing backend
through the "print_strn" function of said structure.
Printing from the uPy core can reach the platform-defined print code via
two paths: either through mp_sys_stdout_obj (defined pert port) in
conjunction with mp_stream_write; or through the mp_plat_print structure
which uses the MP_PLAT_PRINT_STRN macro to define how string are printed
on the platform. The former is only used when MICROPY_PY_IO is defined.
With this new scheme printing is generally more efficient (less layers
to go through, less arguments to pass), and, given an mp_print_t*
structure, one can call mp_print_str for efficiency instead of
mp_printf("%s", ...). Code size is also reduced by around 200 bytes on
Thumb2 archs.
This simplifies the API for objects and reduces code size (by around 400
bytes on Thumb2, and around 2k on x86). Performance impact was measured
with Pystone score, but change was barely noticeable.
Previous to this patch, a big-int, float or imag constant was interned
(made into a qstr) and then parsed at runtime to create an object each
time it was needed. This is wasteful in RAM and not efficient. Now,
these constants are parsed straight away in the parser and turned into
objects. This allows constants with large numbers of digits (so
addresses issue #1103) and takes us a step closer to #722.
This cleans up vstr so that it's a pure "variable buffer", and the user
can decide whether they need to add a terminating null byte. In most
places where vstr is used, the vstr did not need to be null terminated
and so this patch saves code size, a tiny bit of RAM, and makes vstr
usage more efficient. When null termination is needed it must be
done explicitly using vstr_null_terminate.
With this patch str/bytes construction is streamlined. Always use a
vstr to build a str/bytes object. If the size is known beforehand then
use vstr_init_len to allocate only required memory. Otherwise use
vstr_init and the vstr will grow as needed. Then use
mp_obj_new_str_from_vstr to create a str/bytes object using the vstr
memory.
Saves code ROM: 68 bytes on stmhal, 108 bytes on bare-arm, and 336 bytes
on unix x64.
Jim Mussared
Andrew Leech
Andrew Leech
Damien George
Bob Fanger
Tom McDermott
Paul Sokolovsky
Yonatan Goldschmidt
Léa Saviot
Wolf Vollprecht
armink
Tom Collins
Ayke van Laethem
Petr Viktorin
Christopher Cooper
Eric Poulsen
Alex Robbins
Javier Candeira
Alexander Steffen
Radomir Dopieralski
Ville Skyttä
Peter Hinch
Jan Pochyla
Andrew Gatt
Oleg Korsak
w4kpm
Alex March
Pavol Rusnak
Stefan Agner
Krzysztof Blazewicz
Robert HH
Tom Sparks
Dave Hylands
Antonin ENFRUN
Galen Hazelwood
Daniel Campora
stijn