POSIX doesn't guarantee something like that to work, but it works on any
system with careful signal implementation. Roughly, the requirement is
that signal handler is executed in the context of the process, its main
thread, etc. This is true for Linux. Also tested to work without issues
on MacOSX.
This basically introduces the MICROPY_MACHINE_MEM_GET_READ_ADDR
and MICROPY_MACHINE_MEM_GET_WRITE_ADDR macros. If one of them is
not defined, then a default identity function is provided.
To let unix port implement "machine" functionality on Python level, and
keep consistent naming in other ports (baremetal ports will use magic
module "symlinking" to still load it on "import machine").
Fixes#1701.
ilistdir() returns iterator which yields triples of (name, type, ino)
where ino is inode number for entry's data, type of entry (file/dir/etc.),
and name of file/dir. listdir() can be easily implemented in terms of this
iterator (which is otherwise more efficient in terms of memory use and may
save expensive call to stat() for each returned entry).
CPython has os.scandir() which also returns an iterator, but it yields
more complex objects of DirEntry type. scandir() can also be easily
implemented in terms of ilistdir().
THis is required to deal well with signals, signals being the closest
analogue of hardware interrupts for POSIX. This is also CPython 3.5
compliant behavior (PEP 475).
The main problem implementing this is to figure out how much time was
spent in waiting so far/how much is remaining. It's well-known fact that
Linux updates select()'s timeout value when returning with EINTR to the
remaining wait time. Here's what POSIX-based standards say about this:
(http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/pselect.html):
"Upon successful completion, the select() function may modify the object
pointed to by the timeout argument."
I.e. it allows to modify timeout value, but doesn't say how exactly it is
modified. And actually, it allows such modification only "upon successful
completion", which returning with EINTR error hardly is.
POSIX also allows to request automatic EINTR restart for system calls using
sigaction call with SA_RESTART flag, but here's what the same document says
about it:
"If SA_RESTART has been set for the interrupting signal, it is
implementation-defined whether the function restarts or returns with
[EINTR]."
In other words, POSIX doesn't leave room for both portable and efficient
handling of this matter, so the code just allows to manually select
Linux-compatible behavior with MICROPY_SELECT_REMAINING_TIME option,
or otherwise will just raise OSError. When systems with non-Linux behavior
are found, they can be handled separately.
In other words, unix port now uses overriden printf(), instead of using
libc's. This should remove almost all dependency on libc stdio (which
is bloated).
py/mphal.h contains declarations for generic mp_hal_XXX functions, such
as stdio and delay/ticks, which ports should provide definitions for. A
port will also provide mphalport.h with further HAL declarations.
Another function (like stat) which is problematic to deal with on ABI level
(FFI), as struct statvfs layout may differ unpredictably between OSes and
even different versions of a same OS. So, implement it in C, returning a
10-element tuple of f_bsize, f_frsize, f_blocks, f_bfree, f_bavail, f_files,
f_ffree, f_favail, f_flag, f_namemax. This is exactly the order described
in Python3 docs, https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.statvfs
(but note that os.statvfs() should make these values available as
attributes).
This requires root access. And on recent Linux kernels, with
CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM option enabled, only address ranges listed in
/proc/iomem can be accessed. The above compiled-time option can be
however overriden with boot-time option "iomem=relaxed".
This also removed separate read/write paths - there unlikely would
be a case when they're different.
MicroPython doesn't come with standard library included, so it is important
to be able to easily install needed package in a seamless manner. Bundling
package manager (upip) inside an executable solves this issue.
upip is bundled only with standard executable, not "minimal" or "fast"
builds.
This gets uPy readline working with unix port, with tab completion and
history. GNU readline is still supported, configure using
MICROPY_USE_READLINE variable.
From https://docs.python.org/3/library/constants.html#NotImplemented :
"Special value which should be returned by the binary special methods
(e.g. __eq__(), __lt__(), __add__(), __rsub__(), etc.) to indicate
that the operation is not implemented with respect to the other type;
may be returned by the in-place binary special methods (e.g. __imul__(),
__iand__(), etc.) for the same purpose. Its truth value is true."
Some people however appear to abuse it to mean "no value" when None is
a legitimate value (don't do that).
The implementation is very basic and non-compliant and provided solely for
CPython compatibility. The function itself is bad Python2 heritage, its
usage is discouraged.
Previous to this patch the printing mechanism was a bit of a tangled
mess. This patch attempts to consolidate printing into one interface.
All (non-debug) printing now uses the mp_print* family of functions,
mainly mp_printf. All these functions take an mp_print_t structure as
their first argument, and this structure defines the printing backend
through the "print_strn" function of said structure.
Printing from the uPy core can reach the platform-defined print code via
two paths: either through mp_sys_stdout_obj (defined pert port) in
conjunction with mp_stream_write; or through the mp_plat_print structure
which uses the MP_PLAT_PRINT_STRN macro to define how string are printed
on the platform. The former is only used when MICROPY_PY_IO is defined.
With this new scheme printing is generally more efficient (less layers
to go through, less arguments to pass), and, given an mp_print_t*
structure, one can call mp_print_str for efficiency instead of
mp_printf("%s", ...). Code size is also reduced by around 200 bytes on
Thumb2 archs.
splitlines() occurs ~179 times in CPython3 standard library, so was
deemed worthy to implement. The method has subtle semantic differences
from just .split("\n"). It is also defined as working for any end-of-line
combination, but this is currently not implemented - it works only with
LF line-endings (which should be OK for text strings on any platforms,
but not OK for bytes).
Given that there's already support for "fixed table" maps, which are
essentially ordered maps, the implementation of OrderedDict just extends
"fixed table" maps by adding an "is ordered" flag and add/remove
operations, and reuses 95% of objdict code, just making methods tolerant
to both dict and OrderedDict.
Some things are missing so far, like CPython-compatible repr and comparison.
OrderedDict is Disabled by default; enabled on unix and stmhal ports.
These allow to fine-tune the compiler to select whether it optimises
tuple assignments of the form a, b = c, d and a, b, c = d, e, f.
Sensible defaults are provided.
This is rarely used feature which takes enough code to implement, so is
controlled by MICROPY_PY_ARRAY_SLICE_ASSIGN config setting, default off.
But otherwise it may be useful, as allows to update arbitrary-sized data
buffers in-place.
Slice is yet to implement, and actually, slice assignment implemented in
such a way that RHS of assignment should be array of the exact same item
typecode as LHS. CPython has it more relaxed, where RHS can be any sequence
of compatible types (e.g. it's possible to assign list of int's to a
bytearray slice).
Overall, when all "slice write" features are implemented, it may cost ~1KB
of code.
The implementation of these functions is very large (order 4k) and they
are rarely used, so we don't enable them by default.
They are however enabled in stmhal and unix, since we have the room.
Native code has GC-heap pointers in it so it must be scanned. But on
unix port memory for native functions is mmap'd, and so it must have
explicit code to scan it for root pointers.
Paul Sokolovsky
Dave Hylands
Damien George
Tom Soulanille
blmorris
stijn