172 lines
5.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
172 lines
5.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _machine.UART:
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class UART -- duplex serial communication bus
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=============================================
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UART implements the standard UART/USART duplex serial communications protocol. At
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the physical level it consists of 2 lines: RX and TX. The unit of communication
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is a character (not to be confused with a string character) which can be 8 or 9
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bits wide.
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UART objects can be created and initialised using::
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from machine import UART
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uart = UART(1, 9600) # init with given baudrate
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uart.init(9600, bits=8, parity=None, stop=1) # init with given parameters
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.. only:: port_machineoard
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Bits can be 7, 8 or 9. Parity can be None, 0 (even) or 1 (odd). Stop can be 1 or 2.
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*Note:* with parity=None, only 8 and 9 bits are supported. With parity enabled,
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only 7 and 8 bits are supported.
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.. only:: port_wipy
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Bits can be 5, 6, 7, 8. Parity can be ``None``, ``UART.EVEN`` or ``UART.ODD``. Stop can be 1 or 2.
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A UART object acts like a stream object and reading and writing is done
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using the standard stream methods::
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uart.read(10) # read 10 characters, returns a bytes object
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uart.readall() # read all available characters
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uart.readline() # read a line
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uart.readinto(buf) # read and store into the given buffer
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uart.write('abc') # write the 3 characters
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.. only:: port_machineoard
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Individual characters can be read/written using::
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uart.readchar() # read 1 character and returns it as an integer
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uart.writechar(42) # write 1 character
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To check if there is anything to be read, use::
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uart.any() # returns True if any characters waiting
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*Note:* The stream functions ``read``, ``write``, etc. are new in MicroPython v1.3.4.
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Earlier versions use ``uart.send`` and ``uart.recv``.
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.. only:: port_wipy
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To check if there is anything to be read, use::
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uart.any() # returns the number of characters available for reading
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Constructors
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------------
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.. only:: port_wipy
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.. class:: machine.UART(bus, ...)
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Construct a UART object on the given bus. ``bus`` can be 0 or 1.
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If the bus is not given, the default one will be selected (0) or the selection
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will be made based on the given pins.
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Methods
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-------
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.. only:: port_wipy
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.. method:: uart.init(baudrate=9600, bits=8, parity=None, stop=1, \*, pins=(TX, RX, RTS, CTS))
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Initialise the UART bus with the given parameters:
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- ``baudrate`` is the clock rate.
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- ``bits`` is the number of bits per character, 7, 8 or 9.
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- ``parity`` is the parity, ``None``, ``UART.EVEN`` or ``UART.ODD``.
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- ``stop`` is the number of stop bits, 1 or 2.
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- ``pins`` is a 4 or 2 item list indicating the TX, RX, RTS and CTS pins (in that order).
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Any of the pins can be None if one wants the UART to operate with limited functionality.
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If the RTS pin is given the the RX pin must be given as well. The same applies to CTS.
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When no pins are given, then the default set of TX and RX pins is taken, and hardware
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flow control will be disabled. If pins=None, no pin assignment will be made.
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.. method:: uart.deinit()
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Turn off the UART bus.
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.. method:: uart.any()
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Return the number of characters available for reading.
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.. method:: uart.read([nbytes])
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Read characters. If ``nbytes`` is specified then read at most that many bytes.
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Return value: a bytes object containing the bytes read in. Returns ``None``
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on timeout.
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.. method:: uart.readall()
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Read as much data as possible.
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Return value: a bytes object or ``None`` on timeout.
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.. method:: uart.readinto(buf[, nbytes])
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Read bytes into the ``buf``. If ``nbytes`` is specified then read at most
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that many bytes. Otherwise, read at most ``len(buf)`` bytes.
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Return value: number of bytes read and stored into ``buf`` or ``None`` on
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timeout.
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.. method:: uart.readline()
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Read a line, ending in a newline character.
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Return value: the line read or ``None`` on timeout.
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.. method:: uart.write(buf)
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Write the buffer of bytes to the bus.
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Return value: number of bytes written or ``None`` on timeout.
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.. method:: uart.sendbreak()
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Send a break condition on the bus. This drives the bus low for a duration
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of 13 bits.
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Return value: ``None``.
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.. only:: port_wipy
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.. method:: uart.irq(trigger, priority=1, handler=None, wake=machine.IDLE)
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Create a callback to be triggered when data is received on the UART.
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- ``trigger`` can only be ``UART.RX_ANY``
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- ``priority`` level of the interrupt. Can take values in the range 1-7.
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Higher values represent higher priorities.
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- ``handler`` an optional function to be called when new characters arrive.
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- ``wake`` can only be ``machine.IDLE``.
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.. note::
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The handler will be called whenever any of the following two conditions are met:
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- 8 new characters have been received.
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- At least 1 new character is waiting in the Rx buffer and the Rx line has been
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silent for the duration of 1 complete frame.
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This means that when the handler function is called there will be between 1 to 8
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characters waiting.
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Returns an irq object.
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Constants
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---------
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.. data:: UART.EVEN
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.. data:: UART.ODD
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parity types (anlong with ``None``)
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.. data:: UART.RX_ANY
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IRQ trigger sources
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