def f1(**kwargs):
print(kwargs)
f1()
f1(a=1)
def f2(a, **kwargs):
print(a, kwargs)
f2(1)
f2(1, b=2)
def f3(a, *vargs, **kwargs):
print(a, vargs, kwargs)
f3(1)
f3(1, 2)
f3(1, b=2)
f3(1, 2, b=3)