199 lines
5.6 KiB
ReStructuredText
199 lines
5.6 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _micropython_lib:
|
|
|
|
MicroPython libraries
|
|
=====================
|
|
|
|
.. warning::
|
|
|
|
Important summary of this section
|
|
|
|
* MicroPython provides built-in modules that mirror the functionality of the
|
|
Python standard library (e.g. :mod:`os`, :mod:`time`), as well as
|
|
MicroPython-specific modules (e.g. :mod:`bluetooth`, :mod:`machine`).
|
|
* Most standard library modules implement a subset of the functionality of
|
|
the equivalent Python module, and in a few cases provide some
|
|
MicroPython-specific extensions (e.g. :mod:`array`, :mod:`os`)
|
|
* Due to resource constraints or other limitations, some ports or firmware
|
|
versions may not include all the functionality documented here.
|
|
* To allow for extensibility, the built-in modules can be extended from
|
|
Python code loaded onto the device.
|
|
|
|
This chapter describes modules (function and class libraries) which are built
|
|
into MicroPython. This documentation in general aspires to describe all modules
|
|
and functions/classes which are implemented in the MicroPython project.
|
|
However, MicroPython is highly configurable, and each port to a particular
|
|
board/embedded system may include only a subset of the available MicroPython
|
|
libraries.
|
|
|
|
With that in mind, please be warned that some functions/classes in a module (or
|
|
even the entire module) described in this documentation **may be unavailable**
|
|
in a particular build of MicroPython on a particular system. The best place to
|
|
find general information of the availability/non-availability of a particular
|
|
feature is the "General Information" section which contains information
|
|
pertaining to a specific :term:`MicroPython port`.
|
|
|
|
On some ports you are able to discover the available, built-in libraries that
|
|
can be imported by entering the following at the :term:`REPL`::
|
|
|
|
help('modules')
|
|
|
|
Beyond the built-in libraries described in this documentation, many more
|
|
modules from the Python standard library, as well as further MicroPython
|
|
extensions to it, can be found in :term:`micropython-lib`.
|
|
|
|
Python standard libraries and micro-libraries
|
|
---------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The following standard Python libraries have been "micro-ified" to fit in with
|
|
the philosophy of MicroPython. They provide the core functionality of that
|
|
module and are intended to be a drop-in replacement for the standard Python
|
|
library.
|
|
|
|
.. toctree::
|
|
:maxdepth: 1
|
|
|
|
array.rst
|
|
binascii.rst
|
|
builtins.rst
|
|
cmath.rst
|
|
collections.rst
|
|
errno.rst
|
|
gc.rst
|
|
hashlib.rst
|
|
heapq.rst
|
|
io.rst
|
|
json.rst
|
|
math.rst
|
|
os.rst
|
|
random.rst
|
|
re.rst
|
|
select.rst
|
|
socket.rst
|
|
ssl.rst
|
|
struct.rst
|
|
sys.rst
|
|
time.rst
|
|
uasyncio.rst
|
|
zlib.rst
|
|
_thread.rst
|
|
|
|
|
|
MicroPython-specific libraries
|
|
------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Functionality specific to the MicroPython implementation is available in
|
|
the following libraries.
|
|
|
|
.. toctree::
|
|
:maxdepth: 1
|
|
|
|
bluetooth.rst
|
|
btree.rst
|
|
cryptolib.rst
|
|
framebuf.rst
|
|
machine.rst
|
|
micropython.rst
|
|
neopixel.rst
|
|
network.rst
|
|
uctypes.rst
|
|
|
|
The following libraries provide drivers for hardware components.
|
|
|
|
.. toctree::
|
|
:maxdepth: 1
|
|
|
|
wm8960.rst
|
|
|
|
|
|
Port-specific libraries
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
In some cases the following port/board-specific libraries have functions or
|
|
classes similar to those in the :mod:`machine` library. Where this occurs, the
|
|
entry in the port specific library exposes hardware functionality unique to
|
|
that platform.
|
|
|
|
To write portable code use functions and classes from the :mod:`machine` module.
|
|
To access platform-specific hardware use the appropriate library, e.g.
|
|
:mod:`pyb` in the case of the Pyboard.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Libraries specific to the pyboard
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The following libraries are specific to the pyboard.
|
|
|
|
.. toctree::
|
|
:maxdepth: 2
|
|
|
|
pyb.rst
|
|
stm.rst
|
|
lcd160cr.rst
|
|
|
|
|
|
Libraries specific to the WiPy
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The following libraries and classes are specific to the WiPy.
|
|
|
|
.. toctree::
|
|
:maxdepth: 2
|
|
|
|
wipy.rst
|
|
machine.ADCWiPy.rst
|
|
machine.TimerWiPy.rst
|
|
|
|
|
|
Libraries specific to the ESP8266 and ESP32
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The following libraries are specific to the ESP8266 and ESP32.
|
|
|
|
.. toctree::
|
|
:maxdepth: 2
|
|
|
|
esp.rst
|
|
esp32.rst
|
|
|
|
|
|
Libraries specific to the RP2040
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The following libraries are specific to the RP2040, as used in the Raspberry Pi Pico.
|
|
|
|
.. toctree::
|
|
:maxdepth: 2
|
|
|
|
rp2.rst
|
|
|
|
Libraries specific to Zephyr
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The following libraries are specific to the Zephyr port.
|
|
|
|
.. toctree::
|
|
:maxdepth: 2
|
|
|
|
zephyr.rst
|
|
|
|
Extending built-in libraries from Python
|
|
----------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
In most cases, the above modules are actually named ``umodule`` rather than
|
|
``module``, but MicroPython will alias any module prefixed with a ``u`` to the
|
|
non-``u`` version. However a file (or :term:`frozen module`) named
|
|
``module.py`` will take precedence over this alias.
|
|
|
|
This allows the user to provide an extended implementation of a built-in library
|
|
(perhaps to provide additional CPython compatibility). The user-provided module
|
|
(in ``module.py``) can still use the built-in functionality by importing
|
|
``umodule`` directly. This is used extensively in :term:`micropython-lib`. See
|
|
:ref:`packages` for more information.
|
|
|
|
This applies to both the Python standard libraries (e.g. ``os``, ``time``, etc),
|
|
but also the MicroPython libraries too (e.g. ``machine``, ``bluetooth``, etc).
|
|
The main exception is the port-specific libraries (``pyb``, ``esp``, etc).
|
|
|
|
*Other than when you specifically want to force the use of the built-in module,
|
|
we recommend always using ``import module`` rather than ``import umodule``.*
|