If ExtraRecords (Hosts) are specified without a corresponding split
DNS route and global DNS is specified, then program the host OS DNS to
use 100.100.100.100 so it can blend in those ExtraRecords.
Updates #1543
Change-Id: If49014a5ecc8e38978ff26e54d1f74fe8dbbb9bc
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
Somehow I accidentally set the wrong registry value here.
It should be DisableDynamicUpdate=1 and not EnableDNSUpdate=0.
This is a regression from 545639e.
Signed-off-by: Maisem Ali <maisem@tailscale.com>
See https://mullvad.net/en/help/dns-over-https-and-dns-over-tls/
The Mullvad DoH servers appear to only speak HTTP/2 and
the use of a non-nil DialContext in the http.Transport
means that ForceAttemptHTTP2 must be set to true to be
able to use them.
Signed-off-by: Nahum Shalman <nahamu@gmail.com>
This works around the 2.3s delay in short name lookups when SNR is
enabled.
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts file. We only add known hosts that
match the search domains, and we populate the list in order of
Search Domains so that our matching algorithm mimics what Windows would
otherwise do itself if SNR was off.
Updates #1659
Signed-off-by: Maisem Ali <maisem@tailscale.com>
Like LLMNR, NetBIOS also adds resolution delays and we don't support it
anyway so just disable it on the interface.
Updates #1659
Signed-off-by: Maisem Ali <maisem@tailscale.com>
Currently we forward unmatched queries to the default resolver on
Windows. This results in duplicate queries being issued to the same
resolver which is just wasted.
Updates #1659
Signed-off-by: Maisem Ali <maisem@tailscale.com>
Otherwise we just keep looping over the same thing again and again.
```
dns udp query: upstream nameservers not set
dns udp query: upstream nameservers not set
dns udp query: upstream nameservers not set
```
Signed-off-by: Maisem Ali <maisem@tailscale.com>
As discussed in previous PRs, we can register for notifications when group
policies are updated and act accordingly.
This patch changes nrptRuleDatabase to receive notifications that group policy
has changed and automatically move our NRPT rules between the local and
group policy subkeys as needed.
Signed-off-by: Aaron Klotz <aaron@tailscale.com>
When dbus restarts it can cause the tailscaled to crash because the nil
signal was not handled in resolved.Fixing so the nil signal leads to a
connection reset and tailscaled stays connected to systemd when dbus restarted.
Fixes#4645
Co-authored-by: James Tucker <james@tailscale.com>
Signed-off-by: nyghtowl <warrick@tailscale.com>
Co-authored-by: James Tucker <james@tailscale.com>
And remove the GCP special-casing from ipn/ipnlocal; do it only in the
forwarder for *.internal.
Fixes#4980Fixes#4981
Change-Id: I5c481e96d91f3d51d274a80fbd37c38f16dfa5cb
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
This does three things:
* If you're on GCP, it adds a *.internal DNS split route to the
metadata server, so we never break GCP DNS names. This lets people
have some Tailscale nodes on GCP and some not (e.g. laptops at home)
without having to add a Tailnet-wide *.internal DNS route.
If you already have such a route, though, it won't overwrite it.
* If the 100.100.100.100 DNS forwarder has nowhere to forward to,
it forwards it to the GCP metadata IP, which forwards to 8.8.8.8.
This means there are never errNoUpstreams ("upstream nameservers not set")
errors on GCP due to e.g. mangled /etc/resolv.conf (GCP default VMs
don't have systemd-resolved, so it's likely a DNS supremacy fight)
* makes the DNS fallback mechanism use the GCP metadata IP as a
fallback before our hosted HTTP-based fallbacks
I created a default GCP VM from their web wizard. It has no
systemd-resolved.
I then made its /etc/resolv.conf be empty and deleted its GCP
hostnames in /etc/hosts.
I then logged in to a tailnet with no global DNS settings.
With this, tailscaled writes /etc/resolv.conf (direct mode, as no
systemd-resolved) and sets it to 100.100.100.100, which then has
regular DNS via the metadata IP and *.internal DNS via the metadata IP
as well. If the tailnet configures explicit DNS servers, those are used
instead, except for *.internal.
This also adds a new util/cloudenv package based on version/distro
where the cloud type is only detected once. We'll likely expand it in
the future for other clouds, doing variants of this change for other
popular cloud environments.
Fixes#4911
RELNOTES=Google Cloud DNS improvements
Change-Id: I19f3c2075983669b2b2c0f29a548da8de373c7cf
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
When there are group policy entries for the NRPT that do not belong to Tailscale,
we recognize that we need to add ourselves to group policy and use that registry
key instead of the local one. We also refresh the group policy settings as
necessary to ensure that our changes take effect immediately.
Fixes https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/4607
Signed-off-by: Aaron Klotz <aaron@tailscale.com>
Currently we only support "via-<site-id>.<IPv4>", however that does not
work with Google Chrome which parses `http://via-1.10.0.0.1` as a search
string and not as a URL. This commit introduces "<IPv4>.via-<site-id>"
(`http://10.0.0.1.via-1`) which is parsed correctly by Chrome.
Updates #3616
Signed-off-by: Maisem Ali <maisem@tailscale.com>
AFAICT this isn't documented on MSDN, but based on the issue referenced below,
NRPT rules are not working when a rule specifies > 50 domains.
This patch modifies our NRPT rule generator to split the list of domains
into chunks as necessary, and write a separate rule for each chunk.
For compatibility reasons, we continue to use the hard-coded rule ID, but
as additional rules are required, we generate new GUIDs. Those GUIDs are
stored under the Tailscale registry path so that we know which rules are ours.
I made some changes to winutils to add additional helper functions in support
of both the code and its test: I added additional registry accessors, and also
moved some token accessors from paths to util/winutil.
Fixes https://github.com/tailscale/coral/issues/63
Signed-off-by: Aaron Klotz <aaron@tailscale.com>
Fixes https://github.com/tailscale/corp/issues/5198
The upstream forwarder will block indefinitely on `udpconn.ReadFrom` if no
reply is recieved, due to the lack of deadline on the connection object.
There still isn't a deadline on the connection object, but the automatic closing
of the context on deadline expiry will close the connection via `closeOnCtxDone`,
unblocking the read and resulting in a normal teardown.
Signed-off-by: Tom DNetto <tom@tailscale.com>
* net/dns, wgengine: implement DNS over TCP
Signed-off-by: Tom DNetto <tom@tailscale.com>
* wgengine/netstack: intercept only relevant port/protocols to quad-100
Signed-off-by: Tom DNetto <tom@tailscale.com>
This were intended to be pushed to #4408, but in my excitement I
forgot to git push :/ better late than never.
Signed-off-by: Tom DNetto <tom@tailscale.com>
Moves magicDNS-specific handling out of Resolver & into dns.Manager. This
greatly simplifies the Resolver to solely issuing queries and returning
responses, without channels.
Enforcement of max number of in-flight magicDNS queries, assembly of
synthetic UDP datagrams, and integration with wgengine for
recieving/responding to magicDNS traffic is now entirely in Manager.
This path is being kept around, but ultimately aims to be deleted and
replaced with a netstack-based path.
This commit is part of a series to implement magicDNS using netstack.
Signed-off-by: Tom DNetto <tom@tailscale.com>
Updates #2067
This should help us determine if more robust control of edns parameters
+ implementing answer truncation is warranted, given its likely complexity.
Signed-off-by: Tom DNetto <tom@tailscale.com>
This populates DNS suffixes ("ts.net", etc) in /etc/resolver/* files
to point to 100.100.100.100 so MagicDNS works.
It also sets search domains.
Updates #4276
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
Two changes in one:
* make DoH upgrades an explicitly scheduled send earlier, when we come
up with the resolvers-and-delay send plan. Previously we were
getting e.g. four Google DNS IPs and then spreading them out in
time (for back when we only did UDP) but then later we added DoH
upgrading at the UDP packet layer, which resulted in sometimes
multiple DoH queries to the same provider running (each doing happy
eyeballs dialing to 4x IPs themselves) for each of the 4 source IPs.
Instead, take those 4 Google/Cloudflare IPs and schedule 5 things:
first the DoH query (which can use all 4 IPs), and then each of the
4 IPs as UDP later.
* clean up the dnstype.Resolver.Addr confusion; half the code was
using it as an IP string (as documented) as half was using it as
an IP:port (from some prior type we used), primarily for tests.
Instead, document it was being primarily an IP string but also
accepting an IP:port for tests, then add an accessor method on it
to get the IPPort and use that consistently everywhere.
Change-Id: Ifdd72b9e45433a5b9c029194d50db2b9f9217b53
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
If all N queries failed, we waited until context timeout (in 5
seconds) to return.
This makes (*forwarder).forward fail fast when the network's
unavailable.
Change-Id: Ibbb3efea7ed34acd3f3b29b5fee00ba8c7492569
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
Simplify the ability to reason about the DoH dialing code by reusing the
dnscache's dialer we already have.
Also, reduce the scope of the "ip" variable we don't want to close over.
This necessarily adds a new field to dnscache.Resolver:
SingleHostStaticResult, for when the caller already knows the IPs to be
returned.
Change-Id: I9f2aef7926f649137a5a3e63eebad6a3fffa48c0
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
This extracts DOH mapping of known public DNS providers in
forwarder.go into its own package, to be consumed by other repos
Signed-off-by: Jenny Zhang <jz@tailscale.com>
* net/dns, net/dns/resolver, wgengine: refactor DNS request path
Previously, method calls into the DNS manager/resolver types handled DNS
requests rather than DNS packets. This is fine for UDP as one packet
corresponds to one request or response, however will not suit an
implementation that supports DNS over TCP.
To support PRs implementing this in the future, wgengine delegates
all handling/construction of packets to the magic DNS endpoint, to
the DNS types themselves. Handling IP packets at this level enables
future support for both UDP and TCP.
Signed-off-by: Tom DNetto <tom@tailscale.com>
As of Go 1.18, the register ABI list includes arm64, amd64,
ppc64, and ppc64le. This is a large enough percentage of the
architectures that it's not worth explaining.
Signed-off-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josh@tailscale.com>
Avoid some work when D-Bus isn't running.
Change-Id: I6f89bb75fdb24c13f61be9b400610772756db1ef
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
If systemd-resolved is enabled but not running (or not yet running,
such as early boot) and resolv.conf is old/dangling, we weren't
detecting systemd-resolved.
This moves its ping earlier, which will trigger it to start up and
write its file.
Updates #3362 (likely fixes)
Updates #3531 (likely fixes)
Change-Id: I6392944ac59f600571c43b8f7a677df224f2beed
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
A new package can also later record/report which knobs are checked and
set. It also makes the code cleaner & easier to grep for env knobs.
Change-Id: Id8a123ab7539f1fadbd27e0cbeac79c2e4f09751
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
Currently only search domains are stored. This was an oversight
(under?) on my part.
As things are now, when MagicDNS is on and "Override local DNS" is
off, the dns forwarder has to timeout before names resolve. This
introduces a pretty annoying lang that makes everything feel
extremely slow. You will also see an error: "upstream nameservers
not set".
I tested with "Override local DNS" on and off. In both situations
things seem to function as expected (and quickly).
Signed-off-by: Aaron Bieber <aaron@bolddaemon.com>
On Synology, the /etc/resolv.conf has tabs in it, which this
resolv.conf parser (we have two, sigh) didn't handle.
Updates #3710
Change-Id: I86f8e09ad1867ee32fa211e85c382a27191418ea
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
Tailscale seems to be breaking WSL configurations lately. Until we
understand what changed, turn off Tailscale's involvement by default
and make it opt-in.
Updates #2815
Change-Id: I9977801f8debec7d489d97761f74000a4a33f71b
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
OpenBSD 6.9 and up has a daemon which handles nameserver configuration. This PR
teaches the OpenBSD dns manager to check if resolvd is being used. If it is, it
will use the route(8) command to tell resolvd to add the Tailscale dns entries
to resolv.conf
Signed-off-by: Aaron Bieber <aaron@bolddaemon.com>
Fixes#3660
RELNOTE=MagicDNS now works over IPv6 when CGNAT IPv4 is disabled.
Change-Id: I001e983df5feeb65289abe5012dedd177b841b45
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
And delete the unused code in net/dns/resolver/neterr_*.go.
Change-Id: Ibe62c486bacce2733eb9968c96a98cbbdb2758bd
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
Don't just ignore them. See if this makes them calm down.
Updates #3363
Change-Id: Id1d66308e26660d26719b2538b577522a1e36b63
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
To convince me it's not as alloc-y as it looks.
Change-Id: I503a0cc267268a23d2973dfde9833c420be4e868
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
And it updates the build tag style on a couple files.
Change-Id: I84478d822c8de3f84b56fa1176c99d2ea5083237
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
Not done yet, but this move more of the outbound dial special casing
from random packages into tsdial, which aspires to be the one unified
place for all outbound dialing shenanigans.
Then this plumbs it all around, so everybody is ultimately
holding on to the same dialer.
As of this commit, macOS/iOS using an exit node should be able to
reach to the exit node's DoH DNS proxy over peerapi, doing the sockopt
to stay within the Network Extension.
A number of steps remain, including but limited to:
* move a bunch more random dialing stuff
* make netstack-mode tailscaled be able to use exit node's DNS proxy,
teaching tsdial's resolver to use it when an exit node is in use.
Updates #1713
Change-Id: I1e8ee378f125421c2b816f47bc2c6d913ddcd2f5
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
Currently, comments in resolv.conf cause our parser to fail,
with error messages like:
ParseIP("192.168.0.100 # comment"): unexpected character (at " # comment")
Fix that.
Noticed while looking through logs.
Signed-off-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josh@tailscale.com>
Lets the systemd-resolved OSConfigurator report health changes
for out of band config resyncs.
Updates #3327
Signed-off-by: David Anderson <danderson@tailscale.com>
Don't set all the *.arpa. reverse DNS lookup domains if systemd-resolved
is old and can't handle them.
Fixes#3188
Change-Id: I283f8ce174daa8f0a972ac7bfafb6ff393dde41d
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
There are a few remaining uses of testing.AllocsPerRun:
Two in which we only log the number of allocations,
and one in which dynamically calculate the allocations
target based on a different AllocsPerRun run.
This also allows us to tighten the "no allocs"
test in wgengine/filter.
Signed-off-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josh@tailscale.com>
There are /etc/resolv.conf files out there where resolvconf wrote
the file but pointed to systemd-resolved as the nameserver.
We're better off handling those as systemd-resolved.
> # Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
> # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
> # 127.0.0.53 is the systemd-resolved stub resolver.
> # run "systemd-resolve --status" to see details about the actual nameservers.
Fixes https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/3026
Signed-off-by: Denton Gentry <dgentry@tailscale.com>
In some containers, /etc/resolv.conf is a bind-mount from outside the container.
This prevents renaming to or from /etc/resolv.conf, because it's on a different
filesystem from linux's perspective. It also prevents removing /etc/resolv.conf,
because doing so would break the bind-mount.
If we find ourselves within this environment, fall back to using copy+delete when
renaming to /etc/resolv.conf, and copy+truncate when renaming from /etc/resolv.conf.
Fixes#3000
Co-authored-by: Denton Gentry <dgentry@tailscale.com>
Signed-off-by: David Anderson <danderson@tailscale.com>
When a DNS server claims to be unable or unwilling to handle a request,
instead of passing that refusal along to the client, just treat it as
any other error trying to connect to the DNS server. This prevents DNS
requests from failing based on if a server can respond with a transient
error before another server is able to give an actual response. DNS
requests only failing *sometimes* is really hard to find the cause of
(#1033).
Signed-off-by: Smitty <me@smitop.com>
We added the initial handling only for macOS and iOS.
With 1.16.0 now released, suppress forwarding DNS-SD
on all platforms to test it through the 1.17.x cycle.
Updates #2442
Signed-off-by: Denton Gentry <dgentry@tailscale.com>
DNSSEC is an availability issue, as recently demonstrated by the
Slack issue, with limited security advantage. DoH on the other hand
is a critical security upgrade. This change adds DoH support for the
non-DNSSEC endpoints of Quad9.
https://www.quad9.net/service/service-addresses-and-features#unsec
Signed-off-by: Filippo Valsorda <hi@filippo.io>
Windows has a public dns.Flush used in router_windows.go.
However that won't work for platforms like Linux, where
we need a different flush mechanism for resolved versus
other implementations.
We're instead adding a FlushCaches method to the dns Manager,
which can be made to work on all platforms as needed.
Fixes https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/2132
Signed-off-by: Denton Gentry <dgentry@tailscale.com>
We currently plumb full URLs for DNS resolvers from the control server
down to the client. But when we pass the values into the net/dns
package, we throw away any URL that isn't a bare IP. This commit
continues the plumbing, and gets the URL all the way to the built in
forwarder. (It stops before plumbing URLs into the OS configurations
that can handle them.)
For #2596
Signed-off-by: David Crawshaw <crawshaw@tailscale.com>
Reported on IRC: in an edge case, you can end up with a directManager DNS
manager and --accept-dns=false, in which case we should do nothing, but
actually end up restarting resolved whenever the netmap changes, even though
the user told us to not manage DNS.
Signed-off-by: David Anderson <danderson@tailscale.com>
Reported on IRC: a resolv.conf that contained two entries for
"nameserver 127.0.0.53", which defeated our "is resolved actually
in charge" check. Relax that check to allow any number of nameservers,
as long as they're all 127.0.0.53.
Signed-off-by: David Anderson <danderson@tailscale.com>
Now that we have the easier-to-parse go:build build tags,
it is straightforward to simplify them. Yay.
Signed-off-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josh@tailscale.com>
Previously, we hashed the question and combined it with the original
txid which was useful when concurrent queries were multiplexed on a
single local source port. We encountered some situations where the DNS
server canonicalizes the question in the response (uppercase converted
to lowercase in this case), which resulted in responses that we couldn't
match to the original request due to hash mismatches. This includes a
new test to cover that situation.
Fixes#2597
Signed-off-by: Adrian Dewhurst <adrian@tailscale.com>
Go 1.17 switches to a register ABI on amd64 platforms.
Part of that switch is that go and defer calls use an argument-less
closure, which allocates. This means that we have an extra
alloc in some DNS work. That's unfortunate but not a showstopper,
and I don't see a clear path to fixing it.
The other performance benefits from the register ABI will all
but certainly outweigh this extra alloc.
Fixes#2545
Signed-off-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josh@tailscale.com>
I don't know how to get access to a real packet. Basing this commit
entirely off:
+------------+--------------+------------------------------+
| Field Name | Field Type | Description |
+------------+--------------+------------------------------+
| NAME | domain name | MUST be 0 (root domain) |
| TYPE | u_int16_t | OPT (41) |
| CLASS | u_int16_t | requestor's UDP payload size |
| TTL | u_int32_t | extended RCODE and flags |
| RDLEN | u_int16_t | length of all RDATA |
| RDATA | octet stream | {attribute,value} pairs |
+------------+--------------+------------------------------+
From https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6891#section-6.1.2
Signed-off-by: David Crawshaw <crawshaw@tailscale.com>
Instead of blasting away at all upstream resolvers at the same time,
make a timing plan upon reconfiguration and have each upstream have an
associated start delay, depending on the overall forwarding config.
So now if you have two or four upstream Google or Cloudflare DNS
servers (e.g. two IPv4 and two IPv6), we now usually only send a
query, not four.
This is especially nice on iOS where we start fewer DoH queries and
thus fewer HTTP/1 requests (because we still disable HTTP/2 on iOS),
fewer sockets, fewer goroutines, and fewer associated HTTP buffers,
etc, saving overall memory burstiness.
Fixes#2436
Updates tailscale/corp#2250
Updates tailscale/corp#2238
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
Add a place to hang state in a future change for #2436.
For now this just simplifies the send signature without
any functional change.
Updates #2436
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
It was a huge chunk of the overall log output and made debugging
difficult. Omit and summarize the spammy *.arpa parts instead.
Fixestailscale/corp#2066 (to which nobody had opinions, so)
Recognize Cloudflare, Google, Quad9 which are by far the
majority of upstream DNS servers that people use.
RELNOTE=MagicDNS now uses DNS-over-HTTPS when querying popular upstream resolvers,
so DNS queries aren't sent in the clear over the Internet.
Updates #915 (might fix it?)
Updates #988 (gets us closer, if it fixes Android)
Updates #74 (not yet configurable, but progress)
Updates #2056 (not yet configurable, dup of #74?)
Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>
We also have to make a one-off change to /etc/wsl.conf to stop every
invocation of wsl.exe clobbering the /etc/resolv.conf. This appears to
be a safe change to make permanently, as even though the resolv.conf is
constantly clobbered, it is always the same stable internal IP that is
set as a nameserver. (I believe the resolv.conf clobbering predates the
MS stub resolver.)
Tested on WSL2, should work for WSL1 too.
Fixes#775
Signed-off-by: David Crawshaw <crawshaw@tailscale.com>
This is preliminary work for using the directManager as
part of a wslManager on windows, where in addition to configuring
windows we'll use wsl.exe to edit the linux file system and modify the
system resolv.conf.
The pinholeFS is a little funky, but it's designed to work through
simple unix tools via wsl.exe without invoking bash. I would not have
thought it would stand on its own like this, but it turns out it's
useful for writing a test for the directManager.
Signed-off-by: David Crawshaw <crawshaw@tailscale.com>
This has been bothering me for a while, but everytime I run format from the root directory
it also formats this file. I didn't want to add it to my other PRs but it's annoying to have to
revert it every time.
Signed-off-by: julianknodt <julianknodt@gmail.com>
This change (subject to some limitations) looks for the EDNS OPT record
in queries and responses, clamping the size field to fit within our DNS
receive buffer. If the size field is smaller than the DNS receive buffer
then it is left unchanged.
I think we will eventually need to transition to fully processing the
DNS queries to handle all situations, but this should cover the most
common case.
Mostly fixes#2066
Signed-off-by: Adrian Dewhurst <adrian@tailscale.com>
Windows 8.1 incorrectly handles search paths on an interface with no
associated resolver, so we have to provide a full primary DNS config
rather than use Windows 8.1's nascent-but-present NRPT functionality.
Fixes#2237.
Signed-off-by: David Anderson <danderson@tailscale.com>
Brad Fitzpatrick
Maisem Ali
Nahum Shalman
nyghtowl
Aaron Klotz
Melanie Warrick
Andrew Dunham
Tom DNetto
Tom
phirework
phirework
Josh Bleecher Snyder
Denton Gentry
Aaron Bieber
David Anderson
Maxim Merzhanov
David Crawshaw
nicksherron
Smitty
Filippo Valsorda
Emmanuel T Odeke
slowy07
Adrian Dewhurst
julianknodt