149 lines
7.7 KiB
Markdown
149 lines
7.7 KiB
Markdown
[](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/actions?query=branch%3Amaster+event%3Apush) [](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/actions?query=branch%3Amaster+event%3Apush) [](https://docs.micropython.org/) [](https://codecov.io/gh/micropython/micropython)
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The MicroPython project
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=======================
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/micropython/micropython/master/logo/upython-with-micro.jpg" alt="MicroPython Logo"/>
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</p>
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This is the MicroPython project, which aims to put an implementation
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of Python 3.x on microcontrollers and small embedded systems.
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You can find the official website at [micropython.org](http://www.micropython.org).
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WARNING: this project is in beta stage and is subject to changes of the
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code-base, including project-wide name changes and API changes.
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MicroPython implements the entire Python 3.4 syntax (including exceptions,
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`with`, `yield from`, etc., and additionally `async`/`await` keywords from
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Python 3.5 and some select features from later versions). The following core
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datatypes are provided: `str`(including basic Unicode support), `bytes`,
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`bytearray`, `tuple`, `list`, `dict`, `set`, `frozenset`, `array.array`,
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`collections.namedtuple`, classes and instances. Builtin modules include
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`os`, `sys`, `time`, `re`, and `struct`, etc. Select ports have support for
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`_thread` module (multithreading), `socket` and `ssl` for networking, and
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`asyncio`. Note that only a subset of Python 3 functionality is implemented
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for the data types and modules.
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MicroPython can execute scripts in textual source form (.py files) or from
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precompiled bytecode (.mpy files), in both cases either from an on-device
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filesystem or "frozen" into the MicroPython executable.
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MicroPython also provides a set of MicroPython-specific modules to access
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hardware-specific functionality and peripherals such as GPIO, Timers, ADC,
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DAC, PWM, SPI, I2C, CAN, Bluetooth, and USB.
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Getting started
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---------------
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See the [online documentation](https://docs.micropython.org/) for API
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references and information about using MicroPython and information about how
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it is implemented.
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We use [GitHub Discussions](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/discussions)
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as our forum, and [Discord](https://discord.gg/RB8HZSAExQ) for chat. These
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are great places to ask questions and advice from the community or to discuss your
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MicroPython-based projects.
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For bugs and feature requests, please [raise an issue](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/issues/new/choose)
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and follow the templates there.
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For information about the [MicroPython pyboard](https://store.micropython.org/pyb-features),
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the officially supported board from the
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[original Kickstarter campaign](https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/214379695/micro-python-python-for-microcontrollers),
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see the [schematics and pinouts](http://github.com/micropython/pyboard) and
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[documentation](https://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/quickref.html).
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Contributing
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------------
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MicroPython is an open-source project and welcomes contributions. To be
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productive, please be sure to follow the
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[Contributors' Guidelines](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/wiki/ContributorGuidelines)
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and the [Code Conventions](https://github.com/micropython/micropython/blob/master/CODECONVENTIONS.md).
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Note that MicroPython is licenced under the MIT license, and all contributions
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should follow this license.
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About this repository
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---------------------
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This repository contains the following components:
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- [py/](py/) -- the core Python implementation, including compiler, runtime, and
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core library.
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- [mpy-cross/](mpy-cross/) -- the MicroPython cross-compiler which is used to turn scripts
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into precompiled bytecode.
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- [ports/](ports/) -- platform-specific code for the various ports and architectures that MicroPython runs on.
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- [lib/](lib/) -- submodules for external dependencies.
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- [tests/](tests/) -- test framework and test scripts.
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- [docs/](docs/) -- user documentation in Sphinx reStructuredText format. This is used to generate the [online documentation](http://docs.micropython.org).
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- [extmod/](extmod/) -- additional (non-core) modules implemented in C.
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- [tools/](tools/) -- various tools, including the pyboard.py module.
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- [examples/](examples/) -- a few example Python scripts.
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"make" is used to build the components, or "gmake" on BSD-based systems.
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You will also need bash, gcc, and Python 3.3+ available as the command `python3`
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(if your system only has Python 2.7 then invoke make with the additional option
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`PYTHON=python2`). Some ports (rp2 and esp32) additionally use CMake.
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Supported platforms & architectures
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-----------------------------------
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MicroPython runs on a wide range of microcontrollers, as well as on Unix-like
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(including Linux, BSD, macOS, WSL) and Windows systems.
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Microcontroller targets can be as small as 256kiB flash + 16kiB RAM, although
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devices with at least 512kiB flash + 128kiB RAM allow a much more
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full-featured experience.
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The [Unix](ports/unix) and [Windows](ports/windows) ports allow both
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development and testing of MicroPython itself, as well as providing
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lightweight alternative to CPython on these platforms (in particular on
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embedded Linux systems).
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The ["minimal"](ports/minimal) port provides an example of a very basic
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MicroPython port and can be compiled as both a standalone Linux binary as
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well as for ARM Cortex M4. Start with this if you want to port MicroPython to
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another microcontroller. Additionally the ["bare-arm"](ports/bare-arm) port
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is an example of the absolute minimum configuration, and is used to keep
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track of the code size of the core runtime and VM.
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In addition, the following ports are provided in this repository:
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- [cc3200](ports/cc3200) -- Texas Instruments CC3200 (including PyCom WiPy).
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- [esp32](ports/esp32) -- Espressif ESP32 SoC (including ESP32S2, ESP32S3, ESP32C3).
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- [esp8266](ports/esp8266) -- Espressif ESP8266 SoC.
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- [mimxrt](ports/mimxrt) -- NXP m.iMX RT (including Teensy 4.x).
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- [nrf](ports/nrf) -- Nordic Semiconductor nRF51 and nRF52.
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- [pic16bit](ports/pic16bit) -- Microchip PIC 16-bit.
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- [powerpc](ports/powerpc) -- IBM PowerPC (including Microwatt)
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- [qemu-arm](ports/qemu-arm) -- QEMU-based emulated target, for testing)
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- [renesas-ra](ports/renesas-ra) -- Renesas RA family.
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- [rp2](ports/rp2) -- Raspberry Pi RP2040 (including Pico and Pico W).
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- [samd](ports/samd) -- Microchip (formerly Atmel) SAMD21 and SAMD51.
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- [stm32](ports/stm32) -- STMicroelectronics STM32 family (including F0, F4, F7, G0, G4, H7, L0, L4, WB)
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- [teensy](ports/teensy) -- Teensy 3.x.
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- [webassembly](ports/webassembly) -- Emscripten port targeting browsers and NodeJS.
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- [zephyr](ports/zephyr) -- Zephyr RTOS.
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The MicroPython cross-compiler, mpy-cross
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-----------------------------------------
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Most ports require the [MicroPython cross-compiler](mpy-cross) to be built
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first. This program, called mpy-cross, is used to pre-compile Python scripts
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to .mpy files which can then be included (frozen) into the
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firmware/executable for a port. To build mpy-cross use:
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$ cd mpy-cross
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$ make
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External dependencies
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---------------------
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The core MicroPython VM and runtime has no external dependencies, but a given
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port might depend on third-party drivers or vendor HALs. This repository
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includes [several submodules](lib/) linking to these external dependencies.
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Before compiling a given port, use
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$ cd ports/name
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$ make submodules
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to ensure that all required submodules are initialised.
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